Class 7 - THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD Flashcards by Dawna Miller

Muscles of the head (4)

Muscles of the facial expression

Muscles that move the eyeball

Muscles the aid mastication and speech

Muscles that move the tongue

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Muscles of the facial expression (4)

Scalp muscles

Mouth muscles

Neck muscles

Orbit and eyebrow muscles

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Muscles of the facial expression lie within…

The subcutaneous layer

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Muscles of facial expression insert into…

The dermis of the skin

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Muscles of the facial expression generally surround…

The natural orifices of the head (sphincters and dilators, i.e. eyes, mouth, nose, ears)

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All muscles of the facial expression are innervated by which nerve?

Facial nerve (cranial VII)

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Frontalis origin

Epicranial aponeurosis

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Frontalis insertion

Skin superior to supraorbital margin

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Frontalis action

Draws scalp anteriorly, raises eyebrows

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Occipitalis origin

Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

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Occipitalis insertion

Epicranial aponeurosis

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Occipitalis action

Draws scalp posteriorly

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Orbicularis or is origin

Muscle fibres surrounding opening of mouth

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Orbicularis oris insertion

Skin at the corner of mouth

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Orbicularis oris action

Closes and protrudes lips (kissing, compresses lips against teeth, shapes lips during speech)

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Zygomaticus major origin

Zygomatic bone

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Zygomatic major insertion

Skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris

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Zygomatic major action

Draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling)

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Zygomatic minor origin

Zygomatic bone

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Zygomatic minor insertion

Upper lip

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Zygomatic minor action

Raises upper lip, exposing upper teeth

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Levator labii superioris origin

Superior to infraorbital foramen of maxilla

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Levator labii superioris insertion

Skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris

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Levator labii superioris action

Raises upper lip

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Depressor labii inferioris origin

Mandible

Depressor labii inferioris insertion

Skin of lower lip

Depressor labii inferioris action

Depresses lower lip

Depressor anguli oris origin

Mandible

Depressor anguli oris insertion

Angle of mouth

Depressor anguli oris action

Draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly (opening mouth)

Levator anguli oris origin

Inferior to infraoribital foramen

Levator anguli oris insertion

Skin of lower lip and orbicularis oris

Levator anguli oris action

Draws angle of mouth laterally and superiorly

Buccinator origin

Alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe

Buccinator action

Presses cheeks against teeth and lips (whistling, blowing, sucking) Draws corners of mouth laterally Keeps food between teeth and not teeth and cheeks

Risorius origin

Fascia over parotid (salivary) gland

Risorius insertion

Skin at angle of mouth

Risorius action

Draws angle of mouth laterally (grimacing)

Mentalis origin

Mandible

Mentalis insertion

Skin of chin

Mentalis action

Elevates and protrudes lower lip and pulls skin of chin up (pouting)

Platysma origin

Fascia over deltoid and pectoral is major muscles

Platysma insertion

Mandible (blends with muscles around angle of mouth) And skin of lower lip

Platysma action

Draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting; depresses mandible

Orbicularis oculi origin

Medial wall of orbit

Orbicularis oculi insertion

Circular path around orbit

Orbicularis oculi action

Closes eye

Corrugator supercilii origin

Medial end of superciliary arch of frontal bone

Corrugator supercilii insertion

Skin of eyebrow

Corrugator supercilii action

Draws eyebrow inferiorly and wrinkles skin of forehead vertically (frowning)

The extrinsic eye muscles are some of the…

Fastest and most precisely controlled muscles in the body

The seven extrinsic eye muscles

One levator palpebrae superioris (LPS) Four straight (recto) muscles: superior/inferior & medial/lateral Two oblique muscles: superior/inferior

Common tendinous ring

Where most muscles originate in the back of the orbit and insert in the eyeball

Muscle that does not insert in the eyeball

Levator palpebrae superioris (LPS)

Muscle that does not originate from the common tendinous ring

Inferior oblique muscle

Recti muscles move the eyeballs…

In their directions (superiorly, inferiorly, laterally, and medially)

Superior oblique muscle moves eyeball

Inferiorly and laterally and rotates medially

Inferior oblique muscle moves eyeball

Superiorly and laterally and rotates laterally

Levator palpebrae superioris origin

Roof of orbit (lesser wing of sphenoid bone)

Levator palpebrae superioris insertion

Skin and tarsal plate of upper eyelids

Levator palpebrae superioris action

Elevates upper eyelids (opens eyes)

Muscles that move the mandible (4)

Masseter Temporalis Medial pterygoid Lateral pterygoid

Muscles of mandible are innervated by which nerve?

Trigeminal nerve (cranial V)

Masseter origin

Maxilla and zygomatic arch

Masseter insertion

Angle and ramus of mandible

Masseter action

Elevates mandible (closes mouth)

Temporalis origin

Temporal bone

Temporalis insertion

Coronoid process and ramus of mandible

Temporalis action

Elevates and retracts mandible

Medial pterygoid origin

Medial surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone; maxilla

Medial pterygoid insertion

Angle and ramus of mandible

Medial pterygoid action

Elevates and protracts mandible Moves mandible from side to side

Lateral pterygoid origin

Greater wing and lateral surface of lateral portion of pterygoid process of sphenoid bone

Lateral pterygoid insertion

Condyle of mandible, temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Lateral pterygoid action

Protracts mandible Depresses mandible Moves mandible from side to side

Two types of tongue muscles

Extrinsic Intrinsic

Four extrinsic muscles of tongue

Genioglossus Styloglossus Hyoglossus Palatoglossus

Genioglossus origin

Mandible

Genioglossus insertion

Undersurface of tongue and hyoid bone

Genioglossus action

Depresses tongue and thrusts it anteriorly (protraction)

Styloglossus origin

Styloid process of temporal bone

Styloglossus insertion

Side and undersurface of tongue

Styloglossus action

Elevates tongue and draws it posteriorly (retraction)

Hyoglossus origin

Greater horn and body of hyoid bone

Hyoglossus insertion

Side of tongue

Hyoglossus action

Depresses tongue and draws down its sides

Palatoglossus origin

Anterior surface of soft palate

Palatoglossus insertion

Side of tongue

Palatoglossus action

Elevates posterior portion of tongue and draws soft palate down on tongue

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue originate and insert…

Within the tongue

Tongue is divided into two halves by…

A median septum that attaches to the hyoid bone

Intrinsic muscles of the tongue action

Alter the shape but do not move the entire tongue

Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by… (Except one)

Hypoglossal nerve (XII cranial)

Palatoglossus innervated by…

Vagus nerve (X cranial)

All extrinsic muscle of the eye are innervated by… | Except two

Oculomotor nerve (III cranial)

Superior oblique muscle of the eye is innervated by…

Trochlear nerve (IV cranial)

Lateral recurs muscle of the eye is innervated by…

Abducens nerve (VI cranial)

Class 7 - THE MUSCLES OF THE HEAD Flashcards

(97 cards)