Class 9 - THE MUSCLES OF THE NECK AND THE BACK

Question 1

Landmark of the neck (cervical) region

Answer 1

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Question 2

Anterior region of the neck is divided into two triangles by the SCM

Answer 2

Anterior triangle

Posterior triangle

Question 3

Muscles of the anterior of the neck assist in…

Answer 3

Deglutition and speech

Question 4

Two groups of muscles in relation to the hyoid bone

Answer 4

Suprahyoid muscles

Infrahyoid muscles

Question 5

Suprahyoid muscles form…

Answer 5

The floor of the mouth

Question 6

Suprahyoid muscles action

Answer 6

Elevate the hyoid bone, the floor of the mouth and the tongue when swallowing

Question 7

Four suprahyoid muscles

Answer 7

1. Digastric
2. Stylohyoid
3. Mylohyoid
4. Geniohyoid

Question 8

Suprahyoid muscles actively…the mandible when…

Answer 8

Depress the mandible when we need to open the mouth wider

Question 9

Digastric origin

Answer 9

Anterior belly from inner side of inferior border of mandible

Posterior belly from temporal bone

Question 10

Digastric insertion

Answer 10

Body of hyoid via an intermediate tendon

Question 11

Digastric action

Answer 11

Elevates hyoid bone

RMA: Depresses mandible (opening mouth)

Question 12

Digastric innervation

Answer 12

Anterior belly: mandibular division of trigeminal (V) nerve

Posterior belly: facial (VII) nerve

Question 13

Stylohyoid origin

Answer 13

Styloid process of temporal bone

Question 14

Stylohyoid insertion

Answer 14

Body of hyoid bone

Question 15

Stylohyoid action

Answer 15

Elevates hyoid bone and draws it posteriorly

Question 16

Stylohyoid innervation

Answer 16

Facial (VII) nerve

Question 17

Mylohyoid origin

Answer 17

Inner surface of mandible

Question 18

Mylohyoid insertion

Answer 18

Body of hyoid bone

Question 19

Mylohyoid action

Answer 19

Elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth and depresses mandible

Question 20

Mylohyoid innervation

Answer 20

Mandibular division of trigeminal (V) nerve

Question 21

Geniohyoid origin

Answer 21

Inner surface of mandible

Question 22

Geniohyoid insertion

Answer 22

Body of hyoid bone

Question 23

Geniohyoid action

Answer 23

Elevates hyoid bone, draws hyoid bone and tongue anteriorly. Depresses mandible

Question 24

Geniohyoid innervation

Answer 24

First cervical spinal nerve (C1)

Question 25

Infrahyoid muscles look like

Answer 25

Ribbons or straps inferior to the hyoid bone

Question 26

Infrahyoid muscles action

Answer 26

Depress the hyoid bone and move the larynx when swallowing and talking

Question 27

Four infrahyoid muscles

Answer 27

1. Omohyoid 2. Sternohyoid 3. Sternothyroid 4. Thyrohyoid

Question 28

Omohyoid origin

Answer 28

Superior border of scapula and superior transverse ligament

Question 29

Omohyoid insertion

Answer 29

Body of hyoid

Question 30

Omohyoid action

Answer 30

Depresses hyoid bone

Question 31

Omohyoid innervation

Answer 31

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

Question 32

Sternohyoid origin

Answer 32

Medial end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum

Question 33

Sternohyoid insertion

Answer 33

Body of hyoid bone

Question 34

Sternohyoid action

Answer 34

Depresses hyoid bone

Question 35

Sternohyoid innervation

Answer 35

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

Question 36

Sternothyroid origin

Answer 36

Manubrium of sternum

Question 37

Sternothyroid insertion

Answer 37

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

Question 38

Sternothyroid action

Answer 38

Depresses thyroid cartilage of larynx

Question 39

Sternothyroid innervation

Answer 39

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C3

Question 40

Thyrohyoid origin

Answer 40

Thyroid cartilage of larynx

Question 41

Thyrohyoid insertion

Answer 41

Greater horn of hyoid bone

Question 42

Thyrohyoid action

Answer 42

Depresses hyoid bone RMA: elevates thyroid cartilage

Question 43

Thyrohyoid innervation

Answer 43

Branches of spinal nerves C1-C2 and descending hypoglossal (XII) nerve

Question 44

The head is attached to the vertebral column at the…

Answer 44

Atlanta-occipital joint

Question 45

Suboccipital muscles

Answer 45

Deep muscles in the back of the head attached between the occipital bone and C1-C2

Question 46

Bilateral contraction of the neck muscles allows for…

Answer 46

Balance

Question 47

Unilateral contraction of the neck muscles allow for…

Answer 47

1. Rotation 2. Flexion 3. Extension 4. Lateral flexion

Question 48

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) origin

Answer 48

Sternal head: manubrium of sternum Clavicular head: medial third of clavicle

Question 49

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) insertion

Answer 49

Mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral end of superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Question 50

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) bilateral action

Answer 50

Flex cervical portion of vertebral column, extend head at AOJ

Question 51

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) unilateral action

Answer 51

Lateral flexion of neck and head to same side Rotate head opposite to contracting muscle Lateral flexion to opposite side of contracting muscle

Question 52

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) posterior fibre action

Answer 52

Assist in extension of head

Question 53

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) RMA

Answer 53

Elevates sternum during forced inhalation

Question 54

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) innervation

Answer 54

Accessor (XI) nerve, C2 and C3

Question 55

Superior attachments of the posterior neck and back

Answer 55

1. Splenius capitis | 2. Splenius cervicis

Question 56

Erector spinae muscle group is most…

Answer 56

Medial and superficially located group of muscles in the back

Question 57

Erector spinae muscle group consist of…

Answer 57

Iliocostalis muscles (lateral) Longissimus muscles (intermediate) Spinalis muscles (medial)

Question 58

Erector spinae muscle group actions

Answer 58

Principal extensor of the spine, maintain erect posture. Acting unilaterally they laterally flex the spine

Question 59

Iliocostalis group consist of…

Answer 59

Iliocostalis cervicis Iliocostalis thoracis Iliocostalis lumborum

Question 60

Iliocostalis action

Answer 60

Acting together: extend and maintain erect posture of vertebral column and their respective region Acting singly: laterally flex vertebral column of their respective regions to same side as contracting muscle

Question 61

Longissimus group (intermediate) consists of…

Answer 61

Longissimus capitis Longissimus cervicis Longissimus thoracis

Question 62

Spinalis group (medial) consists of…

Answer 62

1. Spinalis capitis 2. Spinalis cervicis 3. Spinalis thoracis

Question 63

Spinalis group muscles run…

Answer 63

Closest to the spinous processes

Question 64

Transversus spinalis group run from…

Answer 64

Transverse processes to spinal processes above

Question 65

Transversus spinalis group muscle fibres are..

Answer 65

Oblique in direction

Question 66

Transversus spinalis group are…than the…

Answer 66

Deeper than the erector spinae group

Question 67

Transversus spinalis group are…and…of the spine

Answer 67

Extensors and rotators

Question 68

Transversus spinalis group contains…

Answer 68

1. Semispinalis capitis 2. Semispinalis cervicis 3. Semispinalis thoracis 4. Multifidus 5. Rotatores

Question 69

Rotatores muscles are arranged…

Answer 69

Along the whole extension of the vertebral column

Question 70

Rotatores muscles extend from the…to the…

Answer 70

The transverse process of one vertebra to the laminae of superior vertebrae two to three segments above

Question 71

Segmental muscles (deepest)

Answer 71

Main postural muscles Stabilizing the vertebral column by “locking” the vertebrae to each other

Question 72

Segmental muscles unite the…and…of…

Answer 72

Spinous and transverse processes of consecutive adjacent vertebrae

Question 73

Segmental muscles include

Answer 73

1. Intertransversarii | 2. Interspinalea

Question 74

Scalene muscle actions

Answer 74

Acting bilaterally: flex the head and elevate ribs during forced inspiration Acting unilaterally: laterally flex and rotate the head

Question 75

Scalene muscles include:

Answer 75

1. Anterior scalene 2. Middle scalene 3. Posterior scalene