Class 11 - global, environmental health

Question 1

What are the historical origins of the different levels of global health

Answer 1

• colonial medicine
• missionary medicine
• military medicine
• tropical medicine
• international health
• global health

Question 2

What is global health 1.0

Answer 2

• tropical medicine
• primarily concerned with keeping white men alive in the tropics

Question 3

What is global health 2.0

Answer 3

• international health
• people in rich countries doing something to help people in poor countries

Question 4

What is global health 3.0

Answer 4

Doing it FOR ppl, rather than WITH ppl
- the main manifestation of global health
- researchers from rich countries leading research programmes in poor countries

Question 5

What is global health 4.0

Answer 5

• increasing the present and certainly the future
• research and other activities being led by researchers from low and middle income countries

Question 6

What is the history of global health

Answer 6

flows of goods, services, and strategies along well-trod, north-south pathways

Question 7

Differences between ‘global north’ and ‘global south’

Answer 7

Global North (USA, UK): assumed predominantly wealthy
- Global South (India, Africa): assumed not so wealthy

Question 8

Where does funding come from in global health?

Answer 8

high income countries: US drives a lot of funding; why they are running the agenda

Question 9

Where is most of the global health funding being distributed to?

Answer 9

HIV/ AIDS (works in favour of ‘rich’ countries)

Question 10

Where is least of the global health funding being distributed to?

Answer 10

TB (seen in less wealthy countries)

Question 11

Define global health

Answer 11

area of study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide

Question 12

Life on 4 income levels: level 1

Answer 12

• 1 billion people
• made up ppl who earn less than $2/day & live in extreme poverty
• in survival mode their entire life

Question 13

Life on 4 income levels: level 2

Answer 13

• 3 billion people
• made up of ppl who earn between $2-8/day
• almost half the world’s population live at this income
  *any additional costs will add to financial stress

Question 14

Life on 4 income levels: level 3

Answer 14

• 2 billion people
• made up of ppl who earn between $8-32/day

Question 15

Life on 4 income levels: level 4

Answer 15

• 1 billion people
• made up of people who earn more than $32/day
  *better opportunities

Question 16

What are the UN sustainable development goals?

Answer 16

• 17 goals to transform our world
• a call for action in call countries; blue print for peace & prosperity of world

Question 17

What are the two sides of ‘the coin’ concept

Answer 17

privilege & oppression allyship

Question 18

Coin, describe privilege

Answer 18

• have benefit others don’t
• didn’t earn it
• have it because of who you happen to be

Question 19

Coin, describe oppression

Answer 19

• have a disadvantage other don’t
• didn’t earn it
• have it because of who you happen to be

Question 20

Coin, example of privilege

Answer 20

• upper/mid class
• white
• settler
• able-bodied
• straight
• cis
• male

Question 21

Coin, example of oppression

Answer 21

• not male/female
• trans
• not straight/LGTBQIA2S
• disabled
• Indigenous
• not white/racialize
• lower class

Question 22

Can people be on the privilege side of the some coins, and the oppression side of other coins at the same time?

Answer 22

YES! intersectionality

Question 23

What is allyship

Answer 23

an active consistent, and arduous practice of unlearning and re-evaluating in which a person of privilege seeks to operate in solidarity with a marginalized group of people

Question 24

What are ways to always keep a critical perspective on global health?

Answer 24

• don’t engage voluntourism
• learn about colonial hx before doing global health
• pre-departure training programs
• tap into local expertise

Question 25

What are involved in environmental frameworks (ecological DOH)

Answer 25

- Indigenous perspectives on health and the environment - intersectional ecological-feminist approaches - planetary health approaches

Question 26

EDOH level of prevention, example of primordial prevention

Answer 26

- legislation that protects green spaces - legislation that restricts pollution

Question 27

EDOH level of prevention, example of primary prevention

Answer 27

helping new parents make better environmentally sound choices

Question 28

EDOH level of prevention, example of secondary prevention

Answer 28

preventing harm to natural environment when an new subdivision is proposed

Question 29

EDOH level of prevention, example of tertiary prevention

Answer 29

environmental health clinics to help patients and community with health issues r/t environment

Question 30

EDOH level of prevention, example of quaternary prevention

Answer 30

pharmaceutical components in freshwater and saltwater (esp. estrogen, abx, and chemotherapy drugs)

Question 31

What are ways in improving EDOH

Answer 31

- prevent outbreaks of zoonotic diseases - improve food safety and security - reduce anti-microbial-resistant infections and improve human/animal health - protect global health security - protect biodiversity and conservation

Question 32

What is the nursing call to action to help support the health of migrants and refugees

Answer 32

- clinical care: call to address health needs (disease exacerbated by poverty, mental health, and NCDS) - advocacy: call for policies to improve healthcare - equity: call to address the SDOH - justice: call for innovation approaches to migrant health

Question 33

What is a disaster

Answer 33

- usually occur suddenly - long term effects

Question 34

What are causes of disasters

Answer 34

- nature - human error - biohazard - infectious disease

Question 35

What are examples of groups at risk of experiencing the effects of a disaster

Answer 35

- women - children - older adults - poor - people with disabilites

Question 36

What is a defining feature of a disaster

Answer 36

the event exceeds the capacity of the community to respond

Question 37

What are the types of disasters

Answer 37

- natural - human made - epidemics

Question 38

examples of natural disasters

Answer 38

- droughts - heat waves - ice storms - heavy snowfall - earthquakes - tornadoes - floods - tsunamis - wildfires

Question 39

examples of human made disasters

Answer 39

- bioterrorism - bombing - nuclear disasters - oil spills - 9/11 - plane crash

Question 40

What are the stages of emergency management

Answer 40

- prevention - mitigation - preparedness - response - recovery

Question 41

Emergency management, describe prevention

Answer 41

involves activities taken to prevent or avoid an emergency or disaster, before the emergency

Question 42

Emergency management, describe mitigation

Answer 42

involves actions that can reduce the impact of a disaster on the community

Question 43

Emergency management, describe preparedness

Answer 43

maximize efficiency of response through planning and preparation

Question 44

Emergency management, describe response

Answer 44

address immediate effects; focus on operations and mobilization of providers, coordination of services

Question 45

Emergency management, describe recovery

Answer 45

return to normal, the longest phase, restoration

Question 46

What is emergency management

Answer 46

an essential discipline involving a diverse group of professionals, with responsibility of the govy, to assess ad deal with risk in an effort to protect health and safety of public

Question 47

What is the Hazard ID Risk Assessment (HIRA)

Answer 47

- tool used to prepare for the worst and most likely risks specific to communities - helps prioritize threats based on risk of probability and impact

Question 48

What are the legislation acts regarding emergencies and preparedness?

Answer 48

- The Emergencies Act - The Emergency Preparedness Act - The Emergency Management Act

Question 49

What is the Emergencies Act

Answer 49

- federal; grants special powers - 4 categories of national emergency

Question 50

What are the 4 categories within the Emergencies Act

Answer 50

- public welfare emergency natural disaster/accidents) - public order emergencies (national security threat) - international emergencies (coercion/intimidation/force/violence) - a state of war

Question 51

What is the Emergency Preparedness Act

Answer 51

basis for planning necessary to address all disasters

Question 52

What is the Emergency Management Act

Answer 52

strengthens govy's readiness to respond by defining roles and responsibility for all fed minsters

Question 53

What is a surge capacity

Answer 53

increased capacity available during mass casualty situations and disasters

Question 54

What is medical triage

Answer 54

the prioritization of patient care (or victims during a disaster) based on illness/injury, severity, prognosis, and resource availability

Question 55

What is the precautionary principle

Answer 55

enables decision-makers to adopt precautionary measures when scientific evidence about a health hazard is uncertain and stakes are high