Class 9 - communicable diseases Flashcards by Preet Kaur

define quarantine

restriction of activities for a ‘well person’ who has been exposed to an infectious agent

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define isolation

separation of an ‘infectious person’ for a period of time to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent

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Define contact tracing

response to a communicable disease report

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Define vector borne infection

caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites that living creatures carry and pass on to other living creatures

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Define surveillance, of a disease

consists of the process of systemic collection, orderly consolidation, analysis, and evaluation of pertinent data w/ prompt dissemination of results

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Define incubation period

Time interval between initial contact with an infectious agent and appearance of the first sign or symptom of disease in question

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Define communicable (infectious) period

time during which an infectious agent may be transferred directly or indirectly from an infected person to another person

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Define infection

invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues

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What can infections be caused by

bacteria
viruses
fungi
parasites
protozoa (cause unique immune response)

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What are some of the factors that put people at greater risk for infection?

age (young/old)
weakened immune-system
unprotected sex
malnutrition

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Time period for Acute infection

resolving in a few days or weeks

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Time period for Chronic infection

lasting >12 weeks, may be incurable

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define Localized infection

limited to a specific body area

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define disseminated infection

spread to other parts of body

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define systemic infection

spreading throughout the body

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Define sepsis

pathogens throughout blood and tissues

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What is a primary infection

what started the infection

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What is a secondary infection

result of the initial infection (get from primary)

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What is a health acquired infection

infection caught in healthcare setting

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what is a community acquired infection

infection from the community

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What three elements are needed for an infection to occur (epidemiological triangle)

susceptible host
infective pathogen/agent
supportive environment

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What are ways to interrupt transmission of a disease (epidemiological triangle)

air quality
vaccine
sanitation
improve housing

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What type of assessment is needed for an infectious person

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hx of previous illness
symptoms
exam (physical, observation, self-report)
Dx test (labs, C&S, radiological)

What are the different classifications of communicable disease

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clinical characteristics (diarrhea, CVS, Resp, etc)
microbiologic (bacterial, viral, fungal, etc)
means of transmission (contact, airborne, vector-borne, etc.)
reservoir in nature (human, animals, water, soil)
public health programs (vaccines preventable, resp, enteric/food-/water-borne)

What are the different types of infection transmission

- vector-borne - enteric - respiratory - zoonotic - sexual - blood-borne - healthcare

Examples of zoonotic transmittable illnesses

- ebola - rabies - e. coli. - avian flu - bovine TB

Examples of vector-borne transmittable illnesses

- lyme disease - malaria - west nile

Examples of enteric transmittable illnesses

- salomonella - e. coli - hep A

Examples of respiratory transmittable illnesses

- pneumococcal pneumonia (droplet) - chicken pox - group A strep (large droplet) - pulmonary TB - measles - influenza

Examples of sexual transmittable illnesses

- chlamydia - syphilis - gonorrhea - HIV - Hep B

Examples of blood-borne transmittable illnesses

- Hep C - HIV

Examples of Healthcare transmittable illnesses

C Diff

which types of hepatitis have vaccines

A & B

What are the levels of prevention in infections

- primordial (health promotion) - primary (prevent diseases) - secondary (detect disease so we can dx + tx) - tertiary (reduce severity)

Define prophylaxis

action taken to prevent disease

Examples of prophylaxis, pre-exposure

- dental work: abx prior to - HIV: antiretroviral meds for uninfected high risk people

Examples of prophylaxis, post-exposure

-HIV: PEP is 28 days antiretroviral meds after specific exposure - Hep A: PEP vaccine & IG to prevent; admin w/in 2 weeks of exposure

What are guiding principles for STBBI

- diversity - cultural safety - health equity - population health approach - harm reduction approach - EIP

What are ways to preventative measure for syphilis

- rigorous contact tracing - screening high risk groups - routine blood test w/ STI screen + pregnancy + immigration - local outreach to MSM

What are health promotion actions for chlamydia & GC

- healthy sexuality - healthy childhood development - school health curriculum - social marketing

What are primary prevention actions for chlamydia & GC

- educating on condom use - Hep B vaccines (and A) - school health curriculum - social marketing

What are secondary prevention actions for chlamydia & GC

- screening at risk groups - contact tracing and notification of exposure (tx exposed) - routine testing - pap test

What is Twinrix

vaccine combo of Hep A and B given when both are missed in routine

Which entities help prevent foodborne infections

- Health Canada - Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Public Health Agency of Canada - Canada Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

What are the types of primary prevention actions for foodborne infections

- public health - regulations & policies - structural

Primary prevention, foodborne infections, public education

- hand washing - proper food storage and handling

Primary prevention, foodborne infections, regulations and policies

- cleaning - cooking thoroughly - chilling (fridge at 0 - 5C) - cross-contamination, equipment, work, surfaces

Primary prevention, foodborne infections, structural

uncontaminated food sources and water supply

What are the types of secondary prevention actions for foodborne infections

- systemic surveillance and inspection programs - contact tracing - proper tx of index case and contacts

Botulism, mode of transmission

- contaminated food - home canning

Botulism, prevention

- wash hands - food handling - check yo cans

Salmonella, mode of transmission

contaminated food and water: - enteric fever (sanitation related) - gastroenterisits (GI tract of animals)

Salmonella, prevention

- refrigeration slows growth; heat can kill it - sanitation - pasteurizing milk, food handling, not eating raw dough

E. Coli, mode of transmission

- undercooked beef - contaminated water, surfaces, soil - pasteurized milk

E. Coli, prevention

- food safety - cooking food supply - drinking water safety (testing)

Listeria, mode of transmission

- contaminated food/food processing equipment - vertical transmission after birth

Listeria, prevention

- sanitation - sterilizing equipment - inspection of facilities

Class 9 - communicable diseases Flashcards

(57 cards)