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NURS 4540 > Class 2 > Flashcards

Class 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is community health nursing?

A
  • a CHN works with people where they live, work, learn, worship, and play to promote health
  • CHNs work in various settings such as homes, schools, workplaces, streets, shelters, field hospitals, community health centers, and outpost nursing stations
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2
Q

What roles do community health nurses have (dont need to memorize)

A
  • advocate
  • clinician/direct care provider
  • collaborator
  • consultant
  • counsellor
  • educator
  • facilitator
  • health promoter/change agent
  • leader
  • liaison
  • manager
  • referral agent
  • research
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3
Q

What activities do community health nurses do (dont need to memorize)

A
  • advocacy
  • outreach
  • building coalitions
  • health education
  • communication
  • building capacity
  • resource management
  • care/counsel
  • case management
  • referral follow-up
  • screening
  • surveillance
  • consultation
  • leadership
  • community development
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4
Q

List the 8 Canadian CHN Standards of Practice

A
  1. health promotion
  2. prevention and health protection
  3. health maintenance, restoration, and palliation
  4. professional relationships
  5. capacity building
  6. healthy equity
  7. evidence informed practice
  8. professional responsibility and accountability
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5
Q

What are the key aspects of the Canadian CHN Standard of Practice

A
  • Standards 1-3 = standards of promoting health
  • standards 4-8 = help us achieve standards 1-3
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6
Q

Describe Standard 1, health promotion

A
  • seek to ID and assess the root and historical causes
  • integrate health promotion into practice using the 5 Ottawa Charter health promotion strategies
  • include culture safety and cultural humility approaches
  • evaluate and modify health promotion activities in partnership w/ client
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7
Q

Describe Standard 2, prevention & health protection

A
  • apply appropriate level of prevention to improve health
  • use prevention and protection approaches w/ client to ID risk factors and to address issues
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8
Q

Quaternary level of prevention:

A

an action taken to protect individuals (persons/pts) from medical interventions that are likely to cause more harm than good
ex: reviewing meds to ensure no over prescribing

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9
Q

Describe Standard 3, health maintenance, restoration & palliation

A
  • use range of intervention strategies… to promote self-management of disease, maximize function, enhance quality of life
  • support life transitions
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10
Q

Describe Standard 4, professional relationships

A
  • establish, build and nurture professional and therapeutic relationship; optimizing participation, and self-determination of client
  • builds a network of relationships and partnerships to address health issues and promote healthy public policy to advance healthy equity
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11
Q

Describe Standard 5, capacity building

A
  • focus on recognizing barriers to health and to mobilize and build on existing strengths
  • support client to build their capacity to advocate for themselves
  • use comprehensive mix strategies… to build community capacity to take action on priority issues
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12
Q

Describe Standard 6, health equity

A
  • recognize the impacts of the determinants of health; focus is to advance health equity at an individual and societal level
  • understand historical injustice, inequitable power relations, institutionalized and interpersonal racism and their impact on health and healthcare
  • refer, coordinate and facilitate client access to universal and equitable health promoting services
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13
Q

Describe Standard 7, evidence-based practice

A
  • consider best available research evidence, and other factors such as client contexts and preferences, and available resources
  • understand and use knowledge translation strategies to integrate high-quality research into clinical practice, education and research
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14
Q

Describe Standard 8, professional responsibility & accountability

A
  • assess and identify unsafe, unethical, illegal or socially unacceptable circumstances and take preventative or correction action to protect the client
  • recognize ethical dilemmas and apply ethical principles, and CNA code of ethics
  • use reflective practice to continually assess, and improve personal community health nursing practice including cultural safety and humility
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15
Q

What are five Ottawa Charters

A
  • building healthy public policy
  • creating supportive environment
  • reorienting health services
  • developing personal skills
  • strengthening community action
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16
Q

health education vs health promotion

A
  • Health education: planned learning experiences to provide knowledge, skills, and attitudes to adopt and maintain healthy behaviours
  • Health promotion: planned educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support health
    ** Health promotion is broader than health education; health education is more individualized
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17
Q

what is part of the continuum of empowering strategies?

A
  • personal empowerment
  • small group development
  • community organization
  • coalition advocacy
  • political action
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18
Q

what theories/models focus on the individual:

A
  • theory of planned behaviour (TPB)
  • transtheoretical (stages of change) model
  • health belief model (HBM)
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19
Q

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)

A
  • predicts health behavior on the basis of three factors: personal attitude toward the behavior, the subjective norm regarding the behavior, and perceived degree of control over the behavior
  • a person’s intention to act is the most immediate determine of behaviour
20
Q

Transtheoretical Model

A
  • Model of behavior change that identifies six distinct stages people go through in altering behavior patterns; also called the stages of change model
  • behaviour change is a process, not an event; people have varying levels of readiness to change
21
Q

Describe the stages of change in the Transtheoretical model?

A
  • pre-contemplation: build awareness for my need to change
  • contemplation: increase my pros for change/ decrease my cons
  • preparation: commit and plan
  • action: implement and revise my plan
  • maintenance: integrate change into my lifestyle
  • termination (stable behaviour)
  • relapses happen
22
Q

Name the 6 stages of change in the Transtheoretical model

A
  • pre-contemplation
  • contemplation
  • preparation
  • action
  • maintenance
  • termination
  • relapses happen
23
Q

Health Belief Model

A
  • Addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors; belief may influence behaviour
  • focus is on motivation to change/engage in health-promoting behaviour
  • addresses an individual’s perception of the threat posed by a health problem, the benefits of avoiding the threat, and factors influencing the decision to act
24
Q

what theories/models focus on the change in communities:

A
  • diffusion of innovation
  • community mobilization framework
25
Q

Diffusion of innovation

A
  • explains how new ideas are adopted by communities
  • Focuses on different categories of adopters based on time it takes to adopt innovation
26
Q

Diffusion of innovation, conditions necessary for adoption of innovation:

A
  • Compatibility
  • flexibility
  • simplicity
  • trial-ability
  • advantageousness
  • observability
  • cost efficiency
27
Q

Diffusion of Innovation, 5 style

A
  • innovators
  • early adapters
  • early majority
  • late majority
  • laggards
28
Q

community mobilization framework, three health promotion approaches to bring about community change:

A
  • social planning (task orientated)
  • locality/community development (process orientated)
  • social action (process and task oriented)
29
Q

community mobilization framework, social planning

A

(task oriented): focus on problem solving; relies heavily on experts

30
Q

community mobilization framework, locality/community development

A

(process oriented): focus on developing group identity, cohesion; focus on building capacity

31
Q

community mobilization framework, social action

A

(process and task oriented): goals to increase community’s capacity to solve issues + achieve concrete changes that redress social injustices

32
Q

community mobilization framework

A

A community development approach where community members identify the issues affecting their community that require capacity building skills to bring about a needed change

33
Q

What are common elements in community based theories/models

A
  • empowerment
  • community capacity
  • participation
  • relevance
  • issue selection
  • critical consciousness
34
Q

what theories/models focus on the health public policy:

A
  • Millio’s Framework
  • Weiss’s Models of policy development
    + Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
35
Q

Millios framework

A
  • stages and influences on the development and implementation of healthy public policy
  • identified non-linear stages of, and influences on, healthy public policy development and implementation
36
Q

Weiss’s model of policy development

A

Evidence used in a variety of ways to lead, justify, support developmental of healthy public policy

37
Q

Weiss’s model of policy development believes that development of health public policy can be…

A
  • knowledge drive: research knowledge rapidly accepted into policy development
  • problem solving: mechanisms during decision making process include collection and consideration of evidence
  • interactive: evidence is collected from a variety of sources; knowledge from research, experience, political situation, etc.
  • political: evidence is used to justify a pre-determined position
  • tactical: preferable data used (cherry-picking)
38
Q

Two-eyed seeing approach

A

Framework that combines the strengths of both Indigenous and Western knowledge, acknowledging that no single perspective is better.

39
Q

what are the key public health concepts

A
  • social justice
  • population health
  • epidemiology
  • health promotion and prevention
  • ethics
  • commitment to community
  • health equity
40
Q

what is health public policy?

A

policies outside the health sector that promote health of individuals/communities by:
- making it easier for people to adopt healthy practices
- making it harder for people to adopt unhealthy practices
- creating healthy physical and social environments

41
Q

what theories/models focus on the system level

A
  • population health promotion model
  • complexity science theory
  • social ecological theory
  • critical social theory
  • intersectionality
42
Q

what are HP strategies focused on changing behaviour

A
  • health education
  • health communication
  • social marketing
  • regulatory measures
43
Q

What are the 4 P’s of marketing?

A

Product, Price, Place, Promotion

44
Q

what are the 6 essential benchmarks for marketing health

A

product, price, place, promotion, policy change, people

45
Q

HO strategies focused on changing the community, environment, or policy

A
  • Ottawa Charter strategies
  • empowering strategies

NURS 4540 (12 decks)

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