class

Question 1

Chambliss

Answer 1

laws to protect private property are an essential part of capitalist economy

Question 2

Snider

Answer 2

capitalist state is reluctant to pass laws that regulate activities of business or threaten profit e.g. Grenfell tower

Question 3

Reiman

Answer 3

‘street crimes’ e.g. assault and theft are more likely to be perused by police than white collar crimes e.g. safety violations
- selective enforcement

Question 4

Gordon

Answer 4

selective enforcement of law gives impression that criminals are located mainly in WC - ideologically makes assumption WC commit crime

Question 5

Pearce

Answer 5

argues that laws that appear to WC also benefit RC

Question 6

Carson

Answer 6

200 films all had broken health + safety laws at least once 1.5% resulted in prosecution

Question 7

Taylor, Walton Young
neo - marxists

Answer 7

the new criminology
create a ‘fully social theory of deviance’
agree that class conflict + exploitation are key to understanding crime
state makes laws in interest of RC
reject determinism from classical Marxist and uses ideas from labelling - effects of label on individual

Question 8

Taylor

Answer 8

fully social theory of deviance
1) wider origins of a deviant act - equal distribution of wealth + power
2) immediate origin of deviant act - the context in which the individual commits the act
3) act itself and its meaning to the actor
4) immediate origins of social reaction - reaction of those around the deviant
5) wider origins of social reaction in capitalist soc - large focus on street crime, focus on punishment
6) effects of labelling on the deviants future - SFP, commit acts again

Question 9

Sutherland

Answer 9

white collar crime
crime by a person of respectability and high social class is an occupation
occupational crime - committed by employees for own personal gain against org that they work for
corporate crime - committed by employers for the organisation in pursuit of its goal

Question 10

Pearce + Tomb’s

Answer 10

definition of corporate crime
- any illegal act or omission that is a result of deliberate decisions or culpable negligence by a legitimate business organisation, intends to benefit business

Question 11

Tombs

Answer 11

corporate crime is more harmful
has a physical and economic cost
corp crime is not just the work of a few but it’s widespread routined and pervasive

Question 12

Palmer

Answer 12

estimates occupational disease caused 50,000 deaths per year in UK

Question 13

Expl of corporate crime - strain theory
- Clinard + Yeager

Answer 13

law violations by large companies increase as financial performance deteriorates

Question 14

expl of corp crime - differential association
- Sutherland

Answer 14

crime is a behaviour learnt from others in a social context
the more we associate with people with criminal attitudes, more likely we are to become deviant ourselves

Question 15

expl of corp crime - differential association
- Sykes & Matza

Answer 15

Techniques of neutralisation
people deviate more easily if they can produce justification to ‘neutralise’ their behaviour e.g. ‘the boss asked me to do it’ ‘I’m just doing what everyone else does’ ​

Question 16

expl of corp crime - labelling theory
- Cicourel

Answer 16

MC more able to negotiate non-criminal labels for their misbehaviour

Question 17

expl of corp crime - Marxism
- Box

Answer 17

mystification - the idea is spread that corporate crime is less harmful than street crime