Class 2

Question 1

What are the 2 subdivisions of the peritoneum?

Answer 1

Visceral

Parietal

Question 2

Define peritoneal cavity

Answer 2

Potential space between visceral and parietal peritoneum

Question 3

What are the two major divisions of the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 3

Greater sac

Lesser sac

Question 4

Through which passage do these two sacs communicate?

Answer 4

Epiploic foramen

Question 5

Define intraperitoneal

Answer 5

Organ completely surrounded by visceral peritoneum

Question 6

Define retroperitoneal

Answer 6

Organ firmly attached to posterior abdominal wall and only covered by peritoneum on anterior surface

Question 7

List all the retroperitoneal organs.

Answer 7

1. Suprarenal glands
2. Aorta
3. Duodenum
4. Pancreas
5. Ureter
6. Colon (ascending and descending)
7. Kidneys
8. Esophagus
9. Rectum

Question 8

List the intraperitoneal organs.

Answer 8

1. Stomach
2. Liver
3. Final bit of duodenum
4. Illeum
5. Jejunum
6. Transverse colon
7. Sigmoid colon
8. Caecum
9. Spleen

Question 9

What is present in the peritoneal cavity?

Answer 9

Peritoneal fluid

Question 10

Which layer of peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain, heat and cold?

Answer 10

Parietal

Question 11

What are the attachments of the lesser omentum?

Answer 11

Lesser curvature of stomach

Liver

Question 12

What are the attachments of the greater omentum?

Answer 12

Greater curvature of stomach

Transverse colon

Question 13

Why is the greater omentum referred to as the abdominal policeman?

Answer 13

Adheres to site of infection, localising it and preventing further spread.

Question 14

Name the 3 muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

Answer 14

Quadratus lumborum

Psoas

Illiacus

Question 15

State the vertebral levels of the 3 major openings in the diaphragm and state what passes through each.

Answer 15

T8 - IVC

T10 - oesophagus

T12 - aorta

Question 16

What are the 3 main branches of the abdominal aorta which supplies blood to the gut tube?

Answer 16

Coeliac trunk

Superior mesenteric a

Inferior mesenteric a

Question 17

What vertebral level does the abdominal sorta divide?

Answer 17

L4/L5

Question 18

How is the IVC formed in the abdomen

Answer 18

2 common iliac veins

Question 19

What level does the coeliac trunk branch off the aorta?

Answer 19

T12

Question 20

What level does the superior mesenteric artery branch off the aorta?

Answer 20

L1

Question 21

What level does the inferior mesenteric artery branch off the aorta?

Answer 21

L3

Question 22

Coeliac trunk supplies what structures?

Answer 22

Foregut

Question 23

Sup mesenteric supplies what structures?

Answer 23

Midgut

Question 24

Inf mesenteric supplies what structures?

Answer 24

Hindgut

Question 25

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of which 2 major veins?

Answer 25

Superior mesenteric vein Splenic vein (which inferior mesenteric joins to)

Question 26

List the 4 sites of portocaval anastomoses in the body.

Answer 26

1. Oesophageal 2. Rectum 3. Liver - bare area 4. Umbilicus

Question 27

Clinical significance of these portocaval anastomoses?

Answer 27

Indicate **portal hypertension.** In portal hypertension, the anastomoses become **congested** and form venous **dilatations**

Question 28

What nerve is secretomotor to the stomach?

Answer 28

Vagus

Question 29

What is the functional difference between the greater, lesser and least splanchic nerves and the pelvic splanchic nerves?

Answer 29

Pelvic splanchic nerves = parasympathetic S2, S3, S4

Question 30

Why does the right kidney lie lower than the left kidney?

Answer 30

Liver

Question 31

Name 3 structures entering the hilum of the kidney.

Answer 31

Renal vein Renal artery Ureter

Question 32

How are the kidneys peritonised?

Answer 32

Retroperitoneal

Question 33

What is the anatomical location of the suprarenal glands?

Answer 33

Superior to kidney

Question 34

What is the term used to describe the expanded upper part of the ureter?

Answer 34

Renal pelvis

Question 35

Define ureter

Answer 35

Muscular duct carrying urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 36

Ureters are constricted at 3 locations. Name them.

Answer 36

.Pelviureteric junction Pelvic brim Vesicoureteric junction

Question 37

Name the 3 main branches of the coeliac trunk.

Answer 37

Common hepatic artery Splenic artery Left gastric artery

Question 38

pain from the parietal peritoneum typically gives what clinical sign

Answer 38

rebound tenderness

Question 39

what is the nerve supply to the parietal peritoneum

Answer 39

lower 6 thoracic nerves and 1st lumbar (**T7-12 & L1**)

Question 40

4 sites of portocaval anastamoses

Answer 40

oesophagus rectum umbilicus liver

Question 41

what is the difference in the arrangement of the ganglia in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Answer 41

sympathetic - para vertebral parasympathetic - pre vertebral

Question 42

at the renal hilum, which vessels is anterior most

Answer 42

renal vein

Question 43

at the renal hilum, which vessel is posterior most

Answer 43

ureter