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Anatomy Year 2 - GI > Class 3 > Flashcards

Class 3 Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the oesophagus?

A

25cm

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2
Q

What vertebral level is the oesophageal hiatus?

A

T10

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3
Q

Where are the three constrictions of the oesophagus located?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Diaphragmatic

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4
Q

List the structures that go through the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm.

A

Oesophagus

oesopheageal branch of left gastric artery

vagus

left inferior phrenic vessels

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5
Q

What is the blood supply of the abdominal part of the oesophagus?

A

Branches of left gastric artery

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage of the abdominal part of the oesophagus?

A

Left gastric veins

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7
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the abdominal part of the oesophagus?

A

Left gastric lymph nodes

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8
Q

Stomach: name 2 orifices.

A

Cardial

Pyloric

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9
Q

Stomach: name 2 curvatures.

A

Greater curvature

Lesser curvature

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10
Q

Stomach: name 2 surfaces.

A

Anterior

Posterior

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11
Q

Identify the different parts of the stomach:

Cardia

Body

Fundus

Pylorus

A

See image

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12
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Ring of smooth muscle controlling discharge of stomach contents into duodenum

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13
Q

Clinical aspects of pyloric sphincter: some children are born with ___________ ____________ ___________, presenting as _____________.

A

congenital pyloric stenosis

presents with vomiting.

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14
Q

What are the gatric folds/rugae of the stomach formed from?

A

Mucosal folds

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15
Q

In what 2 portions of the stomach are they most apparent?

A

Pylorus
Greater Curvature

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16
Q

Describe the arterial supply to the stomach.

A

Lesser curvature

Left gastric artery (from coeliac trunk)

Right gastric artery (from common hepatic)

Greater Curvature

Left gastro-omental artery (from splenic artery)

Right gastro-omental artery (from common hepatic)

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17
Q

Name the 4 groups of lymph nodes that drain the stomach.

A

Gastric

Pyloric

Pancreatosplenic

Pancreaticoduodenal

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18
Q

The 4 primary lymph nodes that drain the stomach drain into which group of lymph nodes?

A

Coeliac lymph nodes

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19
Q

What nerve is key to controlling gastric motility?

A

Vagus

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20
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on the pyloric sphincter?

A

Relaxes and opens

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21
Q

What is the effect of increased vagal stimulation on gastric secretions?

A

Increased secretions

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22
Q

Name 3 parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Illeum

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23
Q

Which part of the small intestine receives the opening of the bile and pancreatic duct?

A

Major duodenal papilla (duodenum)

24
Q

Where is the foregut/ midgut boundary in the small intestine?

A

1/3rd of way along duodenum.

25
Which part of the small intestine is the shortest, widest and most fixed part?
Duodenum
26
Compare the jejunum and illeum in life. Colour, Wall, Vascularity, Vasa recta Arcades, Fat in mesentery, Circular folds
27
How is the large intestine peritonised? Caecum Ascending Colon Transverse Colon Descending Colon Sigmoid Colon
Caecum - intra Ascending Colon - retro Transverse Colon - intra Descending Colon - retro Sigmoid Colon - intra
28
In which abdominal region is the caecum and appendix located?
Right illiac
29
What is the midgut/hindgut boundary in the large intestine?
2/3rds along Transverse Colon
30
Which two structures open into the cavity of caecum?
Appendix Illeum
31
What is McBurney’s point and why is it useful clinically?
1/3rd along line between Right ASIS and umbilicus. Site of maximum **tenderness** in **acute apendicitis**
32
Describe the arterial supply and venous drainage of the rectum.
Superior 1/3rd: superior rectal artery and vein Middle 1/3rd: middle rectal artery and vein Lower 1/3rd: Inferior rectal artery and vein
33
Of the 2 anal sphincters, which is visceral and which is somatic?
External anal sphincter = somatic Internal anal sphincter = visceral
34
What is the falciform ligament and what structure runs within the free border of it?
Falciform ligament **seperates Right and Left lobes** of the **liver**. **Ligamentum teres** (round ligament of liver) lies wihtin its free border.
35
What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of?
Fetal umbilical vein
36
How many layers of the peritneum are present in the greater omentum?
4 | (double sheet)
37
What are the paracolic gutters?
Grooves between lateral aspects of colon and postero-lateral abdomninal wall.
38
Where are the paracolic gutters found in relation to the large intestine?
Laterally.
39
List 3 abdominal viscera which lie on a mesentery.
Sigmoid colon Transverse colon Small intestine
40
What muscle type forms the muscularis externa in the oesophagus?
Upper 1/3rd: skeletal muscle Middle 1/3rd: Skeletal + Smooth Lower 1/3rd: Smooth muscle
41
What kind of epithelium is present in the oesophagus?
**_Non-keratinised_** Stratified squamous
42
What type of muscle is present in the muscularis mucosae in the oesophagus?
Smooth muscle
43
Stomach: what are the large folds present in the wall?
Rugae
44
Stomach: what secretory cells are loacted in the gastric pits?
Surface mucous cells.
45
Small intestine: what are the large folds extending into the lumen called?
Plicae circularis
46
Super imposed on each large fold is numourous finger like processes. What are these?
Villi
47
Small intestine: what kind of epithelium is present in one of these finger like villi?
Simple columnar
48
Where, along the gut tube, do glands extend down beyond the muscularis mucosae (interna) into the submucosa?
Oesophagus, Duodenum
49
Small intestine: What appear to be ‘spaces' can be seen scattered between the cells of the surface epithelium: these are actually the contents of secretory cells. What are the cells called and what do they secrete?
Crypts of Lieberkuhn Secrete water
50
Colon: what is the predominant cell type in the epithelium?
Simple columnar
51
Recto-anal junction: what type of epithelium?
Stratified Squamous
52
What is the transpyloric plane?
Horizontal line passing through pylorus of stomach
53
How would you locate the transpyloric plane on a patient?
Midway between jugular notch and pubic symphysis.
54
List the structures present in the transpyloric plane.
Neck of Pancreas Pylorus Spleen L1 Duodenum (2nd part)
55
What aggregations are a distinguishing feature of the illeum?
Peyer's Patches
56
Histology - how can you differentiate the jejunum from the duodenum and illeum?
Villi _without_ brunners glands or peyer’s patches.
57
Histology - what is the characteristic feature of the sub-mucosa of the duodenum?
Brunner's Glands (sub-mucosa packed full of these small, white glands)

Anatomy Year 2 - GI (4 decks)

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