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NEURO 1 > Class 2 - Synaptic Transmission > Flashcards

Class 2 - Synaptic Transmission Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 factors increase the velocity of nerve impulse transmission?

A
  1. local temperature (heat)
  2. wider diameter (briefer refractory period)
  3. myelination of the axon (saltatory conduction)
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2
Q

Describe how a nerve signal travels in saltatory conduction?

A

the signal jumps from node of ranvier to node of ranvier, as these are the only places along the axon that are exposed to the interstitial environment

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3
Q

Drugs like lidocaine/procaine decrease pain by…

A

blocking Na+ channels so that pain impulses cannot pass the obstructed region

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4
Q

Which classification of nerve fibre is mainly found communicating from the viscera to the CNS, and for ANS motor impulses from the CNS to ANS ganglia?

A

B fibers

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5
Q

Which classifications of nerve fibres are myelinated?

A

A + B

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6
Q

What are the three different types of synapses?

A

axoaxonic
axodendritic
axosomatic

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7
Q

A type fibres are used for…

A

touch/pressure
joint position
some temperature/pain sensations
motor impulses to skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Nerves that carry motor impulses to skeletal muscle are of what type?

A

type A

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9
Q

Do chemical or electrical synapses occur more often in the human body?

A

chemical

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10
Q

Postsynaptic neurons receive a ____ signal, which is converted to a _____ signal to be propagated onward

A

chemical, electrical

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11
Q

EPSP’s __polarize the postsynaptic neuron

A

depolarize

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12
Q

IPSP’s ____polarize the posynaptic neuron

A

hyperpolarize

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13
Q

The net summation of EPSP’s and IPSP’s determine whether an AP is generated at what location?

A

the ‘trigger zone’

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14
Q

Describe the location of the neurotransmitter binding site + ion channel on an ionotropic vs. metabotropic receptor

A

ionotropic: part of the same structure
metabotropic: not part of the same structure

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15
Q

When ACh binds to ionotropic receptors, it generates a ____ vs when binding to a metabotropic receptor, it generates a _____

A

EPSP

IPSP

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16
Q

Neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft by 3 possible ways:

A

diffusion
enzymatic degradation
reuptake back into cells

17
Q

Acetylcholine, amino acids, biogenic amines, and nitric oxide are considered ____ neurotransmitters

A

small-molecule

18
Q

Neuropeptides include…

A

endorphins and dynorphins

substance P

19
Q

Glutamate and aspartate are both ____ neurotransmitters

A

excitatory

20
Q

GABA and glycine are ____ neurotransmitters

A

inhibitory

21
Q

GABA and glycine are ____ neurotransmitters

A

inhibitory

22
Q

Describe a ‘diverging’ neural circuit

A

one presynaptic neuron synapses with multiple postsynaptic neurons

23
Q

Describe a ‘converging’ neural circuit

A

multiple presynaptic neurons synapse with one postsynaptic neuron (expanding)

24
Q

Describe a reverberating neural circuit

A

nerve impulses that were initially activated in response to stimuli are continuously reactivated (like a positive feedback loop)

25
Q

Describe a parallel after-discharge circuit

A

input from one presynaptic neuron passes down two separate but parallel pathways that eventually converge to one postsynaptic neuron

26
Q

Nerves may only be repaired in the PNS if…

A

the neuron body and Schwann cells are unaffected

27
Q

What is Wallerian degeneration?

A

when the axon distal to a nerve injury degenerates

28
Q

How does the neurolemma aid in nerve regeneration in the PNS?

A

by forming a regeneration tube around the axon

29
Q

Biogenic amines are involved in…

A

regulation of affective states - mood, motivation, feelings, self-awareness, consciousness, personality…

30
Q

Describe the activity of nitric oxide in the CNS

A

formed on demand, acts immediately and briefly

thought to play a role in memory and learning

31
Q

The opioid neuropeptides are called…

A

endorphins and dynorphins

32
Q

What is the role of substance P?

A

transmission of pain information from peripheral receptors to PNS

33
Q

What triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft?

A

Ca++ channels open and allow Ca++ to enter the synaptic end bulbs, which promotes the release of NT by exocytosis

NEURO 1 (11 decks)

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