Class 6: Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Bradycardia

Answer 1

less than 60

Question 2

tachycardia

Answer 2

higher than 100

Question 3

hypertension

Answer 3

high elevated bp that is prolonged 140/90

Question 4

essential hypertension

Answer 4

elevated bp with no other cause

Question 5

secondary hypertension

Answer 5

caused by another disease or medical condition

Question 6

coronary artery disease

Answer 6

build up of plaque in the artery (become hardened and narrowed)

Question 7

ischemia

Answer 7

inadequate blood supply to an organ

Question 8

edema

Answer 8

swelling from injury. small blood vessels leak to tissues

Question 9

plaque

Answer 9

made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium and others in blood

Question 10

vasodilation

Answer 10

dilation of blood vessels, decrease BP

Question 11

vasoconstriction

Answer 11

constriction of blood vessels, increase BP

Question 12

cardiovascular disease

Answer 12

a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels

• coronary heart disease
• cerebrovascular disease
• peripheral arterial disease
• rheumatic heart disease
• congenital heart disease
• deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

Question 13

isolated systolic hypertension

Answer 13

pulse pressure increases

• mild to moderate elevated systolic BP
• normal or subnormal diastolic BP
• occurs primarily in older adults
• aorta and major arteries lose flexibility with age
• heart pumps harder to get blood through
• diastolic stays normal because no system vasoconstriction

Question 14

secondary hypertension

Answer 14

results from known diseases

• chronic kidney disease
• endocrine gland dysfunction
• pituitary or adrenal tumour
• hyperactive thyroid gland
• in most cases, successful treatment of underlying conditions cures the hypertension

Question 15

primary (essential) hypertension

Answer 15

• 90-95% of all hypertension cases
• no direct known cause
• many risk factors
• affects the heart, blood vessels and kidneys

Question 16

cardiac output

Answer 16

stoke volume (amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat) x heart beats per minute

Question 17

systemic vascular resistance

Answer 17

force opposing the movement of blood within the blood vessels.
-mechanisms that regulate bp affect cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance

Question 18

barorecptors

Answer 18

found in carotid arteries. they vasodilator to lower blood pressure by stimulating sympathetic receptors

Question 19

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Answer 19

cause vasoconstriction in response to low bp

Question 20

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 20

affects blood volume and high bp

Question 21

aldosterone

Answer 21

released by adrenal cortex. stimulates kidneys to realize water. increase bp

Question 22

epinephrine

Answer 22

increase bp, released in blood stream

Question 23

prevention of hypertension

Answer 23

• decrease fat, sodium, alcohol, stress
• no smoking
• increase physical activity
• manage diabetes
• manage healthy weight

Question 24

treatment of hypertension

Answer 24

-lifestyle modifications and medication

Question 25

meds used for hypertension

Answer 25

ace-I calcium channel blockers diuretic beta blocker

Question 26

risk factors for hypertension

Answer 26

- diet - stress - manage chronic conditions - obesity - mobility

Question 27

coronary artery disease

Answer 27

build up of plaque in lumen artery and then a rupture or blood clot can occur

Question 28

arteriosclerosis

Answer 28

- hardening of medium or large arteries - thickens arterial walls - leads to loss of arterial elasticity

Question 29

artherosclerosis

Answer 29

a form of arteriosclerosis - artery walls thickens from accumulation of plaque (fat, cholesterol, calcium, waste products from cells) - narrows and stiffen arteries arthero: sludge, sclerosis: hardening

Question 30

modifiable risk factors for CAD

Answer 30

increase activity decrease alcohol, stress, sodium and fat no smoking manage diabetes and healthy weight

Question 31

non modifiable risk factors for CAD

Answer 31

genetics, age, family hx, gender/sex, ethnicity

Question 32

meds for CAD

Answer 32

atorvastatin

Question 33

cardiovascular assessment

Answer 33

pulse, blood flow, where is the blood going and is it going where they need it to

Question 34

peripheral vascular assessment

Answer 34

pale, cold, - hx - inspection - vital signs - chest pain - peripheral and apical pulse - spo2 - previous drug use