Class 8: musculoskeletal system

Question 1

arthrocentesis

Answer 1

procedure in which an incision or puncture is made in a joint capsule, usually to obtain samples of synovial fluid from within the joint cavity for a synovial fluid analysis

Question 2

arthritis

Answer 2

a type of rheumatic disease involving inflammation of a joint or joints

Question 3

arthroscopy

Answer 3

procedure where small fibre optic tube called an arthroscope is inserted into a joint and use to directly examine or to operate on the interior of the joint cavity

Question 4

atrophy

Answer 4

decrease in size of tissue or organ caused by a reduction in the number or size of individual cells, characterized by decreased circumference and flabby appearance, leading to decreased function and tone

Question 5

bursitis

Answer 5

inflammation of the bursa

Question 6

bursae

Answer 6

fluid filled sac that functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body

Question 7

crepitation

Answer 7

crackling sound or grating sensation as a result of friction between bones, broken bone, or cartilage bits in joints

Question 8

contracture

Answer 8

abnormal, usually permanent condition of a muscle or joint, usually results in the shortening of the muscle

Question 9

dislocation

Answer 9

severe injury of the ligamentous structures that surround a joint, resulting in the complete displacement of the bone from its normal position

Question 10

fracture

Answer 10

a disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of the bone

Question 11

osteoarthritis

Answer 11

a slowly progressive, non-inflammatory disorder of the synovial joints, the most common form of joint disease in north america

Question 12

repetitive strain injury

Answer 12

injury resulting from prolonged force or repetitive movements and awkward postures

Question 13

sprain

Answer 13

an injury related to the ligamentous structures surrounding a joint, usually caused by a wrenching/twisting motion

Question 14

strain

Answer 14

an excessive stretching of a muscle, a muscles fascial sheath, or a tendon; most occur in the foot, hamstring (leg) or back

Question 15

treatment for strains and sprains

Answer 15

RICE
rest 
ice (20-30 mins)
compression
elevate
not directly on skin, in cycles, 
proximal to distal wrap 
acute phase: give pain assessment

Question 16

subjective assessment of musculoskeletal system

Answer 16

• pain on movement “tell me about your movement”
• past health hx
• surgeries/treatment
• medications
• any weaknesses?

Question 17

objective assessment of musculoskeletal system

Answer 17

• inspect head
• palpate
• auscultate (least used)
• range of motion (active, passive)
• muscle strength testing
• measurement
• reflexes

Question 18

palpating musculoskeletal system

Answer 18

• looking for edema
• tenderness
• skin temp
• crepitation

Question 19

common symptoms of injury

Answer 19

joint crepitation, loss of movement, pain

Question 20

computed tomography (CT)

Answer 20

identifies tissue abnormalities, bony abnormalities, musculoskeletal trauma

Question 21

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 21

viewing of soft tissue

Question 22

xray

Answer 22

determines density and structure of bone

Question 23

arthrography

Answer 23

air is injected into the joint cavity to create visualization of joint structures

Question 24

discogram

Answer 24

radiography of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disc

Question 25

bone mineral density

Answer 25

see how much of the X-ray goes through bone

Question 26

radioisotope studies

Answer 26

xray from inside out, injected in vein

Question 27

electromyogram

Answer 27

electronic sensors to stimulated muscles ( to monitor activity)

Question 28

duplex venous doppler

Answer 28

blood circulation in veins and arteries in the leg

Question 29

arthrocentesis

Answer 29

needle inserted into joint cavity to check for inflammation or infection

Question 30

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Answer 30

measures how quick RBC settle at the bottom of a test tube separating from unclotted blood

Question 31

C reactive protein

Answer 31

protein made by the liver, measures the amount of CRP in the blood to detect inflammation

Question 32

clinical manifestations of sprains and strains

Answer 32

pain, edema, decreased function, bruising

Question 33

avulsion fracture

Answer 33

ligament pulls lose a fragment of bone

Question 34

treatment for strains and sprains

Answer 34

surgery, physiotherapy

Question 35

prevention of strains and sprains

Answer 35

always stretch prior to exercise. brace prior injurys

Question 36

subluxation

Answer 36

partial dislocation of a joint

Question 37

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 37

weakness in hands, immobilize with hand splint, a condition caused by the compression of the median nerve, located in the wrist

Question 38

rotator cuff injury

Answer 38

injury to shoulder

Question 39

meniscus injury

Answer 39

knee sprains, can lead to surgery

Question 40

osteoarthritis

Answer 40

rubbing of bones causing pain - involves only joints - localized - morning stiffness last 30 min or less - asymmetrical - bony enlargement of joints - treatment involves managing symptoms, no cure

Question 41

etiology and pathophysiology of osteoarthritis

Answer 41

slowly progressive non-inflammatory disorder of the synovial joint

Question 42

risk factors of OA

Answer 42

- gender (women are more susceptible) - genetic factors - mechanical stress - inflammation - skeletal deformities - some medications - obesity - trauma - joint instability - neurological disorders - hematological or endocrine disorders

Question 43

clinical manifestations of OA

Answer 43

- joint pain and stiffness - increasing disability and loss of joint function - crepitation - bow legged gait - asymmetrical impact - deformity and instability - most common fingers, thumbs, weight bearing joints

Question 44

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 44

never really goes away - chronic systemic autoimmune disease - inflammation of connective tissue in synovial joints - periods of remissions and exacerbations - systemic disease - morning stiffness for an hour or more - symmetrical - swollen joints - drug treatment used, no cure

Question 45

risk factors of RA

Answer 45

autoimmune disease - cause unknown - gender (females 2 times more likely to to get it) - age (25-50) - genetics - smoking

Question 46

clinical manifestations of RA

Answer 46

- insidious onset - fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, fever, generalized stiffness - localized stiffness, pain, limitation of motion, inflammatory - symmetrical joint involvement - joint deformity

Question 47

NSAIDS

Answer 47

physical comfort non steroidal anti-inflammatory

Question 48

DMARD

Answer 48

disease modifying anti rheumatic drugs