Class 5: Diagnostics studies and lab tests

Question 1

chest xray

Answer 1

xray of chest, looks at bones in chest, organs, tissues or diseases of airways, blood vessels, bones, heart and lungs

Question 2

MRA

Answer 2

magnetic field and pulses of radio waves energy to provide pictures of blood vessels inside the body

Question 3

ECG

Answer 3

electrical activity of the heart, monitors the regularity of electrical impulse. does not reflect muscular work of the heart

Question 4

biopsy

Answer 4

taking an amount of cells to look at it under a microscope

Question 5

MRI

Answer 5

magnetic resonance imaging, non-invasive exam uses magnetic and radio waves to produce picture of the inside of the body

Question 6

hematology

Answer 6

the study of blood in health and disease

Question 7

serology

Answer 7

blood tests that look for antibodies

Question 8

CBC

Answer 8

blood test that looks for wbc count, white blood differential, RBC count, hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (Hgb), red blood cell indices, platelet count

Question 9

leukopenia

Answer 9

abnormal decrease in the total white blood cell count

Question 10

leukocytosis

Answer 10

increase of white blood cells as a result of an infection

Question 11

WBC differential

Answer 11

evaluates capacity to resist and overcome infection

Question 12

neutrophils

Answer 12

bacterial infections

Question 13

eosinophils

Answer 13

allergic disorders and parasitic infection

Question 14

basophils

Answer 14

parasitic infections, some allergic disorders

Question 15

lymphocytes

Answer 15

viral infections

Question 16

monocytes

Answer 16

severe infections

Question 17

RBC count

Answer 17

rbc carry oxygen and CO2

Question 18

anemia

Answer 18

reduction in the number of circulating erythrocytes, decreased hemoglobin content or abnormal hemoglobin

Question 19

polycythemia

Answer 19

abnormal excess of erythrocyte

Question 20

hematocrit (Hct) or packed cell volume (PCV)

Answer 20

• measures the amount of space RBC take up in the blood by separating plasma and blood cells
• results expressed as 1% of RBC in a volume of blood

Question 21

hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 21

consists of a protein (globin) and an iron (heme)

-O2 carrying capacity of blood depends on hemoglobin level rather than RBC count

Question 22

means corpuscular volume (MCV)

Answer 22

• measure the average size of RBC
• macrocytic, or normocytic
• helps to differentiate between types of anemia

Question 23

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)

Answer 23

the amount of hemoglobin in an average RBC

Question 24

red cell distribution width (RDW)

Answer 24

shows how much variability there is in RBC size and shape

Question 25

platelet (thrombocyte) count

Answer 25

measures the number of platelets in each mm3 of blood

Question 26

thrombocytopenia

Answer 26

low platelet count

Question 27

thrombocytosis

Answer 27

elevated platelet count

Question 28

prothrombin time (PT)

Answer 28

measures how long it takes blood to clot

Question 29

INR (international normalized ratio)

Answer 29

for warfarin, standardized results of PT test, no matter testing method -PT and INR used to make decisions for Coumadin dosing

Question 30

PTT (partial thromboplastin time)

Answer 30

used to evaluate the response to heparin

Question 31

fasting blood glucose

Answer 31

diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus

Question 32

calcium and phosphorus

Answer 32

tests used to evaluate calcium physiology

Question 33

sodium and potassium

Answer 33

electrolyte balance tests. important in people with kidney disease and in people taking diuretics

Question 34

total protein and albumin

Answer 34

provide information about liver function, kidney disease, infection, nutrition, and certain disorders of the antibody producing cells

Question 35

liver function tests

Answer 35

- bilirubin - alkaline phosphate - aspartate amino transferase - gamma glutamyl transpeptidase

Question 36

BUN (blood urea nitrogen)

Answer 36

- used as an index of glomerular function | - rises in dehydration and acute and chronic renal failure, lowers fluid overload and liver disease

Question 37

creatinine

Answer 37

- normal by product of muscle metabolism, excreted by kidneys at fairly constant level. - provides a more sensitive indicator of renal function than BUN - increase indicates disorder of kidney function.

Question 38

hemoglobin a1c

Answer 38

checks amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in RBC cells - used to diagnose prediabetes or diabetes - checks long term control of blood glucose levels in people with diabetes

Question 39

HDL high density lipoprotein

Answer 39

good cholesterol

Question 40

LDL low density lipoprotein

Answer 40

bad cholesterol

Question 41

microbiology

Answer 41

- used to determine what is causing an infection and how best to treat it - testing employs swabs, blood, urine and faces - keep inside of containers sterile - document that the sample was taken

Question 42

R&M routine and microscopic urinalysis

Answer 42

includes colour, clarity, odour, specific gravity, pH, protein, glucose, ketones, red or white blood cells, casts, crystals, bacteria

Question 43

C&S culture and sensitivity urinalysis

Answer 43

detect and identify organisms growing in the urine and detect which antibiotics the bacteria is sensitive or resistant to

Question 44

Urine specimens

Answer 44

preferably the first voiding of the day | -instruct client to cleanse area around genitals

Question 45

mid stream urine

Answer 45

have patient void small amount of urine before beginning to collect sample

Question 46

stool ova and parasites

Answer 46

determines the presence of a parasite infection of the intestine

Question 47

fecal occult blood

Answer 47

- detects the presence of blood in the stool - used routinely to test for colorectal cancer - specifically prepared card is used to certain sample

Question 48

sputum sample specimens

Answer 48

- collect in the morning - have patient cough deeply - instruct them to expectorate directly into the sterile container

Question 49

wound specimen sample

Answer 49

- cleanse wound | - swab surface (granulation tissue)

Question 50

magnesium test

Answer 50

measures the level of magnesium in blood (or sometimes urine)