Class/Drugs/Mechanisms/Side Effects

Question 1

a1 antagonists drugs

Answer 1

all end in “osin”

“azosins”

Question 2

a1 antagonists mechanism

Answer 2

block a1 receptors on arterioles and venules

Question 3

a1 antagonists side effects/notes

Answer 3

orthostatic hypotension!!!!

and fainting…esp on first dose

Question 4

a2 agonist drugs

Answer 4

Clonidine

Methyldopa

Question 5

a2 agonist mechanism

Answer 5

decrease sympathetic outflow by stimulating CNS receptors (dropping CO and BP)

Question 6

a2 agonist side effects/notes

Answer 6

Clonidine…

• -Rebound HTN!!! if drug suddenly stopped
• -dry mouth
• -sedation
• -bradyarrhythmias

Methyldopa…

• -sedation
• -Positive coombs test
• -prodrug converted to a-methyl-NE

Question 7

beta-blockers drugs

Answer 7

“olols”

if different, has additional action

Question 8

beta-blockers mechanism

Answer 8

block post-synaptic b-receptors

Question 9

beta-blockers side effects/notes

Answer 9

CV disturbances
impotence
asthma

If lipophilic (crosses blood-brain barrier)…

• -sleep disturbances
• -sedation

Question 10

post-ganglionic sympathetic terminal blocker drugs

Answer 10

Reserpine

Question 11

post-ganglionic sympathetic terminal blocker mechanism

Answer 11

Destroys adrenergic synaptic vesicles

–>depleting NE and decreasing release

Question 12

post-ganglionic sympathetic terminal blocker side effects/notes

Answer 12

rarely used
depression
sedation
dry mouth
edema
bradycardia
night terrors (crosses blood-brain barrier)

Question 13

Ganglionic blocker drugs

Answer 13

Hexamethonium

Trimethaphan

Question 14

Ganglionic blocker mechanism

Answer 14

Ganglionic nicotinic antagonists that inhibit post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 15

Ganglionic blocker side effects/notes

Answer 15

Rarely used

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic blocked!!

Question 16

Calcium channel blocker Drugs

Answer 16

dihydropyridines
(“Pines”)

non-dihydropyridines
(Diltiazem, Verapamil)

Question 17

Dihydropyridines Mechanism

Answer 17

block L-type Calcium channels in smooth muscle

JUST VASCULAR ACTION!!!!!!

Question 18

Non-dihydropyridines mechanism

Answer 18

Block L-type Calcium channels in CARDIAC AND smooth muscle

Vascular AND heart action!!!!!

Question 19

Calcium channel blockers side effects/notes

Answer 19

constipation
edema
headache
bradycardia
GI disturbances
dizziness
AV block (non-dihydro...)
tachycardia (non-dihydro...)

Question 20

Drugs acting through NO

Answer 20

Hydralazine

Nitroprusside

Question 21

Drugs acting through NO mechanism

Answer 21

release endothelial NO

stimulate guanylate cyclase–>increase cGMP

Question 22

Hydralazine side effects/notes

Answer 22

reversible SLE-like syndrome
edema
arteriolar dilation

Question 23

Nitroprusside

Answer 23

For hypertensive emergencies
arteriolar and venous dilation
cyanide poisoning

Question 24

Drugs opening K channels

Answer 24

Minoxidil

Diazoxide

Question 25

Drugs opening K channels...MOA

Answer 25

open K channels-->hyperpolarization of VSM

Question 26

Minxidil side effects/notes

Answer 26

for severe HTN hirsutism pericardial effusion edema

Question 27

Diazoxide side-effects/notes

Answer 27

For HT emergencies | hypoglycemia

Question 28

D1 agonists

Answer 28

Fenoldopam

Question 29

D1 agonist MOA

Answer 29

vasodilates renal vessels

Question 30

D1 agonists notes

Answer 30

for HT emergencies