Class Test POLI 283 Issues and Trends in World Politics Flashcards
1
Q
End of Cold War
A
-optimism prevailed
2
Q
End of History
A
- Francis Fukuyama
- Human kinds political social evolution reaches an endpoint at liberal, capitalist system
- Evidence:
- worldwide economic liberalization
- failure of monarchy, fascism, communism
- spread of western idea and cultures
- Most countries still stuck in history
3
Q
Clash of Civilizations
A
- Sam Huntington
- future conflicts will be cultural
- globalization brings disparate peoples even more in to contact , harder to define boxes, but Huntington ignores this
- West v.s Rest
- Most striking being West v.s Muslim
4
Q
Post Cold War Theoretical Paradigms
A
- Neorealism: developing state government try to balance great power by uniting for more leverage. (OPEC)
- Liberalism: people share basic values
- Constructivism: people can create less competitive identities over time
- Realism: conflict inevitable
5
Q
New World Order
A
-1991 George H W Bush (Sr.) envisioned a system wherein states would cooperate against common threats. less confrontation
-End of bipolarity
-U.S unchallenged militarily ; welcomed by some but others not so enthusiastic (China, India, Russia)
-
6
Q
Kagan v.s Kupchan
A
- Robert Kagan: US not in decline but buying in to the rhetoric is committing preemptive power suicide. Soft power declining, but relative power still good.
- Charles Kupchan: power flowing from West to developing nations. responsibility of US to facilitate peaceful transition while still on top. multi-polarity.
7
Q
Power Transition Theory
A
-Being a hegemon puts strain on states, allows other states to m mount effective challenges. war more likely to occur because both sides think they can win.
8
Q
War in the Gulf
A
- Iraq invade Iran, Iran defend offensive, ceasefire. (US backed Iraq)
- Early test case for new Post Cold War World
- 1990 Iraq invades and annexed Kuwait
- Attempt to gain dominant position in Persian Gulf + oil reserves.
- Shocked international community
- UN approved US led coalition, quick W
- Don’t depose Saddam Hussein
- UN inspection(nternational Atomic Energy Agency) for chemical biological nuclear, Sanctions not working, UN keeps getting kicked out.
- Seeds of future conflict planted
9
Q
European Union
A
- Started out as an economic agreement, became an economic and political union
- Single market for capital, goods, services and labor
- EU Parliament can pass legislation that is binding on all members
- 2002 Euro
- 1993 European Community to the European Union
- Problems: Common currency but divergent fiscal and monetary policies, rules and regulations fail to consider concerns of individual countries, countries are in different economic cycles, central bank follows rich countries at the expense of the poor.
10
Q
U.S Economic Hegemony
A
- Consistent with Cold war Era
- Steward of an increasingly integrated international economic
- Dominance in global trade and finance
- Size of markets unmatched, now most competitive is China
- U.S unchallenged dominant reserve currency
11
Q
Other Countries Economic Obstacles
A
- Germany’s reunification, Japan- setbacks to competition
- China and Russia transition from communism, China had an era of rapid growth that has since slowed down. Russia and its oligarch, resources become attached to the private sector.
- Africa: rapid growth not sufficient enough to challenge the U.S
- South East Asian Tigers: grow till 1997, financial crisis stops growth.
12
Q
Failure of Collective Security - Yugoslavia
A
- Dissolution (fragmentation) of Yugoslavia which was created as a new state post WWI.
- UN intervention in Bosnia in 1995
- NATO intervention in Kosovo 1999. rising nationalism leads to an nonviable state. break up along national lines: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia
- Slovenia: peaceful, Croatia: short nasty war, Bosnia: a mess
- Bosnia had three nations: Serbs, Croates and Bosnian Muslims. results in ethnic cleansing of muslims
- International community unorganized and not successful. “can’t tolerate this in Europe”
13
Q
Failure of Collective Security- Somalia
A
- Competing warlords use famine as a weapon (1990’s)
- UN humanitarian intervention, U.S led international task force- nation building.
- Disasterous attempt to capture Mogadishu.
- International community fails, unwilling to pay cost of having forces there. U.S small # of casualties, very public.
- Deterioration of U.S/U.N relations
14
Q
Failure of Collective Security- Rwanda
A
- Assassination of Hutu president Juvenal Habyanmana
- Hutu government incites mobs to slaughter Tutsis and moderate Hutus.
- International community ignoring for weeks. Un Forces are there, Canada’s Romeo Dallaire.
- “too busy with Yugoslavia” (US burned in Somalia)
15
Q
Failure of Collective Security- Sudan
A
- Darfur: Sudanese government and ethnic militia
- Ethnic cleansing to crush rebel forces (SLA/SLM)
- Actions of African Union and UN fail.
- Won’t allow peacekeepers in to South Sudan
- Russia and China respect sovereignty
- Omar el Bashir tried for Crimes against humanity
16
Q
Limitations of Collective Security
A
- Free rider problem: expectation of international action but don’t want to be the ones doing the heavy lifting
- National sovereignty, need permission of the state, state must be willing to violate principles of national sovereignty
- Successes: Nambia and Cambodia, Relief efforts for nations hit by tsunami
- Good at reinforcing peace that has already been established.
17
Q
9/11
A
- Destruction of world trade center and damage to pentagon
- response is a change in the world agenda. Multi national military campaign against the Taliban in Afghanistan
- al-Qaeda and Osama bin Laden
- Global War on terror
- criticized for failing to deal with the root causes
- Opposite affect- muslim groups treated like al-Qaeda then ally with them (Indonesia)
