Classic labs and findings Flashcards by Robert Gaffey

Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida

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Anticentromere Abs

Scleroderma (CREST)

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Anti-desmoglein (ant-desmosome) Abs

Pemphigus vulgaris

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Anti-glomerular BM Abs

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis)

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Antihistone Abs

Drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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Anti-IgG Abs

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Anti-mitochondrial antibodies

1˚ biliar cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, PHTN)

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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic Abs (ANCAs)

Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

1˚ sclerosing cholangitis (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)

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Antinuclear Abs (ANAs) (anti-Smith (anti-Sm) and anti-dsDNA)

SLE (Type III hypersensitivity)

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Antiplatelet antibodies

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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Anti-topoisomerase Abs

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial Abs

Celiac disease

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Apple core lesion on Ba enema X-ray

L-sided CRC

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Atypical lymphocytes

EBV

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Azurophilic peroxidase positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type)

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Bacitracin resononse

Sensitive: S. pyogenes, resistant: S. agalactiae

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Bamboo spine on x-ray

Ankylosing spondylits (chronic inflammatory arthritis; HLA-B27)

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Basophilic nuclear remnant in RBCs

Howell-Jolly bodies (splenectomy or non-functioning spleen)

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Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Pb poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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Bloody or yellow tap on LP

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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Boot-shaped heart on xray

Tetralogy of Fallot (RVH)

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Branching Gm+ rods with sulfur granules

Actinomyces israelii

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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

Pancoast tumor (can cause Horner syndrome)

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Brown tumor of bone

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin)

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Cardimegaly with apical atrophy

Chagas dz

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

Rapidly progressive crescentic GN

Chocolate cyst of ovary

Endometriosis

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in the lung

CF leading to ADEK deficiency and mucus plugging

decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Down syndrome or other aneuploidies

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

Tabes dorsalis (3˚ syphilis), Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal and spinocerebellar tracts)

Delta wave on EKG, short PR, SV tachycardia

Wolff-Parkinson-White sy. (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)

Depigmentation of neurons in substatia nigra

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia d/o: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucus plug)

Disarrayed granulosa cells around eosinophilic fluid

Call-Exner bodies (Granulosa cell tumor)

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells arranged around raisinoid nuclei and hyperchromasia

Koilocytes (HPV predisposing to cervical ca.)

Electrical alternans

Pericardial tamponade

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

Owl eye appearance of CMV

Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei and central clearing

"Orphan Annie" eyes | Papillary carcinoma of thyroid

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver

Mallory bodies (EtOHism)

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in neuron

Lewy body (PD and LBD)

Eosinophilic globule in liver

Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), apoptotic hepatocytes

Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons

Negri bodies of rabies

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions

Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin lymphoma

Glomerulus like stucture surrounding vessel in germ cells

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Hair on end/ crew cut skull xray

Beta thal. or SCD from extramedullary hematopoesis

hCG elevation

pregnancy, choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole

Heart nodules (granulomatous)

Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)

Heterophile Abs

Infective mononucleosis (EBV)

Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

High levels of D-dimer

DVT, PE, DIC

Hilar LNA, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle/lower lobes (can calcify)

Ghon complex

Honeycomb lung on Xray or CT

Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

Hypercoagulability (migratory DVT and vasculitis)

Trousseau sy. (pancreatic or lung ca.)

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Megaloblastic anemia

HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

Conn syn

Hypochromic microcytic anemis

Fe def, Pb poisoning, thalassemia

intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies

Cowdry type A bodies HSV or VZV

Fe containing nodules in alveolar septum

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

Sq c c

Large granules in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

Chédiak-Higashi

Lead pipe appearance

IC (haustral loss)

Linear IgG dep on BM in glomerulus and alveolus

Goodpasture sy

Low serum ceruloplasmin

Wilson Dz

Lumpy-bumpy on IF glomeruli

PSGN (IgG/M and C3)

Lytic punched out bone lesions

Multiple myeloma

Mammary gland "blue domed" cyst

Fibrocystic changes

Mab spike

MM (usually IgG/A) MGUS Waldentröm macroglobulinemia (IgM) Primary amyloid

Mucin filled cells with peripheral nucleus

signet ring gastric carcinoma

Narrowing of bowel lumen on Ba xray

string sign; CD

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing GN

GPA, Goodpasture

Needle shaped, neg biref xtals

Gout

nodular hyaline dep in glomeruli

Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules DM

Novobiocin response

S. epidermidis, resistant is S. saprophyticus

Nutmeg liver

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to RHF or Budd-Chiari sy

Onion skinning on periosteal reaction

Ewing sarcoma

Optochin sensitive

S. pneumococcus | res: viridans

Podocyte fusion or effacement

MCD (child with nephrotic dz)

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau ptn

Neurofibrillary tangles (AD) and Pick bodies (Pick dz)

Psammoma bodies

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

Glioblastoma multiforme

Raised periosteum

Osteosarcoma

RBC casts in urine

Glomerulonephritis

Rectangular, x-tal like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

Reinke crystals in Leydig cell tumor

Recurrent infections, eczema, thrombocytopenia

Wiskott-Aldrich sy.

Renal epithelial casts in urine

Intrinisic renal failure (ischemia or toxic injury)

Rhomboid xtals with + biref.

Pseudogout

Rib notching

Coarctation of aorta

Ring enhancing lesion on CT/MRI in AIDS

toxoplasmosis or CNS lymphoma

Sheets of medium sized l'cytes with scattered pale tingible body laden macrophages "starry sky" histology

Burkitt lymphoma

Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau ptn in neurons

Pick bodies (Pick dz: progressive dementia, personality changes)

Soap bubble in tibia or femur

Giant cell tumor

Spikes on BM or dome-like subepithelial desposits

Membranous nephropathy (nephrotic)

Stacks of RBC

Rouleaux in MM

Steeple sign on frontal CXR

Croup (paraflu)

Bacteria-covered vaginal epithelial cells

Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Strep. bovis bacteremia

CRC

Tennis racket EM in langerhans cells

Birbeck granules in langerhans cells histiocytosis

Thousands of polyps on scope

FAP

Thrombi made of white/red layers

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets, RBCs)

Thumb sign on lateral neck xray

Epiglotitis (H flu)

Thyroid like appearance on kidney

Chronic pyelonephritis (recurrent inf)

Tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

MPGN

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic sy)

Hyperuricemia

Gout, Lesch-Nyhan, tumor lysis, loop and thiazide diuretics

Waxy casts with very low urine flow

chronic ESRD

WBC casts in urine

Acute pyelonephritis

WBCs that look smudged

CLL (usually B cell)

Wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on LM

Diffuse PGN (esp in SLE)

Yellowish CSF

Xanthochromia due to subarachnoid hemorrahge