classic labs/findings 1

Question 1

anti-centromere Abs

Answer 1

Scleroderma (CREST)

Question 2

Anti-desmoglein (epithelial) Abs

Answer 2

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Question 3

Anti-glomerular basement membrane Abs

Answer 3

Goodpasture’s syndrome

glomerulonphritis and hemoptysis

Question 4

Anti-histone Abs

Answer 4

Drug-induced SLE

hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide

Question 5

Anti-IgG Abs

Answer 5

Rheumatoid arthritis
(systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

Question 6

Anti-mitochondrial Abs (AMAs)

Answer 6

primary biliary cirrhosis

female, cholestasis, portal HTN

Question 7

c-ANCAs

Answer 7

granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis

Question 8

p-ANCAs

Answer 8

microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss syndrome, primary sclerosing cholangitiis

Question 9

ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA

Answer 9

SLE (type III HSR)

Question 10

anti-platelet Abs

Answer 10

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 11

anti-topoisomerase Abs

Answer 11

diffuse systemic scleroderma

Question 12

anti-transglutaminase;
anti-gliadin;
anti-endomysial Abs

Answer 12

Celiac disease

diarrhea, distention, weight loss

Question 13

Apple core lesion on abdominal X ray

Answer 13

colorectal cancer (usually Left sided)

Question 14

Azurophilic peroxidase-positive granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

Answer 14

Auer rods (AML, especially promyelocytic M3 type)

Question 15

Bacitracin response

Answer 15

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

Question 16

Bamboo spine on x ray

Answer 16

ankylosing spondylitis

chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27

Question 17

Basophilic nuclear remnants RBCs

Answer 17

Howell-Jolly bodies

due to splenectomy or nonfxnal spleen

Question 18

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Answer 18

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Question 19

Bloody tap on LP

Answer 19

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 20

Boot shaped heart on CXR

Answer 20

tetralogy of Fallot;

RVH

Question 21

branching gram pos rods w/ sulfur granules

Answer 21

Actinomyces israelii

Question 22

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

Answer 22

Pancoast tumor

can compress sympathetic ganglion & cause Horner’s syndrome

Question 23

“Brown” tumor of bone

Answer 23

Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica

deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color

Question 24

Cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy

Answer 24

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Question 25

Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule

Answer 25

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Question 26

"chocolate cyst" of ovary

Answer 26

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Question 27

Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Answer 27

Homer-Wright rosettes | neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma

Question 28

colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Answer 28

Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation in CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)

Question 29

Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Answer 29

down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

Question 30

degeneration of dorsal column nerves

Answer 30

``` Tabes dorsalis (3' syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns & lateral corticospinal tracts affected) ```

Question 31

depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Answer 31

Parkinson's disease | basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia

Question 32

desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Answer 32

Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

Question 33

disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

Answer 33

Call-Exner bodies | granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary

Question 34

dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

Answer 34

Koilocytes | HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer

Question 35

enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies

Answer 35

"Owl's eye" appearance on CMV

Question 36

enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei

Answer 36

"orphan annie's eyes" nuclei | papillary carcinoma of thyroid

Question 37

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

Answer 37

Mallory bodies (alcoholic hepatitis: reversible)

Question 38

eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

Answer 38

Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)

Question 39

eosinophilic globule in liver

Answer 39

Councilman body | toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever

Question 40

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells

Answer 40

Negri bodies of rabies (Lyssavirus)

Question 41

extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain

Answer 41

Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)

Question 42

Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusions (owl's eye)

Answer 42

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)

Question 43

Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells

Answer 43

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Question 44

"hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x ray

Answer 44

Beta-thalassemia, | sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)

Question 45

hCG elevated

Answer 45

``` choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/o embryo) ```