key associations 2

Question 1

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 1

• Ioatrogenic Cushing’s (from corticosteroid Tx)
• adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
• ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
• paraneoplastic Cushing’s (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Question 2

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Answer 2

tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Question 3

cyanosis (late; more common)

Answer 3

VSD, ASD, PDA

Question 4

death in CML

Answer 4

blast crisis

Question 5

death in SLE

Answer 5

lupus nephropathy

Question 6

dementia

Answer 6

Alzheimer’s disease, multiple infarcts

Question 7

demyelinating disease in young women

Answer 7

multiple sclerosis

Question 8

DIC

Answer 8

severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

Question 9

dietary deficit

Answer 9

iron

Question 10

diverticulum in pharynx

Answer 10

Zenker’s diverticulum

diagnosed by barium swallow

Question 11

ejection click

Answer 11

aortic / pulmonic stenosis

Question 12

esophageal cancer

Answer 12

squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide);

adenocarcinoma (US)

Question 13

food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Answer 13

S. aureus

B. cereus

Question 14

glomerulonephritis (adults)

Answer 14

Berger’s disease (IgA nephropathy)

Question 15

gynecologic malignancy

Answer 15

endometrial carcinoma (most common in US);
cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)

Question 16

heart murmur, congenital

Answer 16

mitral valve prolapse

Question 17

heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Answer 17

mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever),

tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Question 18

helminth infection (US)

Answer 18

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 19

hematoma - epidural

Answer 19

rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Question 20

hematoma - subdural

Answer 20

rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Question 21

hemochromatosis

Answer 21

multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation

(can result in CHF, “bronze diabetes” and increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 22

hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 22

cirrhotic liver (assoc w/ hepatitis B & C & w/ alcoholism)

Question 23

hereditary bleeding disorder

Answer 23

vWF disease

Question 24

hereditary harmless jaundice

Answer 24

Gilbert’s syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 25

HLA-B27

Answer 25

ankylosing spondylitis, Rieter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis

Question 26

HLA-DR3 or DR4

Answer 26

DM type I, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

Question 27

holosystolic murur

Answer 27

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Question 28

hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Answer 28

Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)

Question 29

secondary hypertension

Answer 29

renal disease

Question 30

hypoparathyroidism

Answer 30

accidental excision during thyriodectomy

Question 31

hypopituitarism

Answer 31

pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Question 32

infection secondary to blood transfusion

Answer 32

HCV

Question 33

infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 33

Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)

Question 34

kidney stones

Answer 34

- Calcium => radiopaque - Struvite (ammonium) => radiopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or staphylococcus) - uric acid = radiolucent

Question 35

late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

Answer 35

Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension / polycythemia)

Question 36

liver disease

Answer 36

alcoholic disease

Question 37

lysosomal storage disease

Answer 37

Gaucher's disease

Question 38

male cancer

Answer 38

prostatic carcinoma

Question 39

malignancy assoc w/ noninfectious fever

Answer 39

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Question 40

malignancy (kids)

Answer 40

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Question 41

mental retardation

Answer 41

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

Question 42

mets to bone

Answer 42

prostate, breast > lung > thyroid, testes

Question 43

mets to brain

Answer 43

lung > breast > GU > osteosarcoma > melanoma > GI

Question 44

mets to liver

Answer 44

Colon >> stomach, pancreas

Question 45

mitochondrial inheritance

Answer 45

disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

Question 46

mitral valve stenosis

Answer 46

rhematic heart disease

Question 47

mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

Answer 47

ALS

Question 48

myocarditis

Answer 48

coxsackie B

Question 49

nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Answer 49

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Question 50

nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Answer 50

minimal change disease

Question 51

neuron migration failure

Answer 51

``` Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism & anosmia) ```

Question 52

nosocomial pneumonia

Answer 52

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 53

obstruction of male urinary tract

Answer 53

BPH

Question 54

opening snap

Answer 54

mitral stenosis

Question 55

opportunistic infection in AIDS

Answer 55

pneumocystis jirovecii pneumponia

Question 56

osteomyelitis

Answer 56

S. aureus

Question 57

osteomyelitis in SCD

Answer 57

Salmonella

Question 58

osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use

Answer 58

Pseudomonas, S. aureus