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Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

Identify Diagnosis/disease based on lab/diagnostic finding (99 cards)

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1
Q

Anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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2
Q

Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

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3
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

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4
Q

Antihistone antibodies

A

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)

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5
Q

Anti-IgG antibodies

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

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6
Q

Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

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7
Q

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

A

Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener’s; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)

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8
Q

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

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9
Q

Antiplatelet antibodies

A

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

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10
Q

Anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

Diffuse systemic scleroderma

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11
Q

Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

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12
Q

“Apple core” lesion on abdominal xray

A

Colorectal cancer (usually L sided)

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13
Q

Azurophilic granular needles in leukoemic blasts

A

Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)

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14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A);
Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

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15
Q

“Bamboo spine” on xray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

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16
Q

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)

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17
Q

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

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18
Q

Bloody tap on LP

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

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19
Q

“Boot-shaped” heart on xray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH

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20
Q

Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

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21
Q

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

A

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner’s syndrome)

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22
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to:

  1. Hyperparathyroidism
  2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica
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23
Q

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas’ disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

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24
Q

Cellular crescents in Bowman’s capsule

A

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

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25
"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
28
Decreased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
29
Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
30
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
31
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Curschmann's spirals (bronchia asthma; canresult in whorled mucous plugs)
32
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
33
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
34
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl's-eye" appearance of CMV
35
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
36
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
37
Eosiniophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (parkinson's disease)
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
40
Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
41
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
42
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
43
"Hair-on-end" (crew-cut) appearance on xray
Beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
44
hCG elevated
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
45
Heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
Heterophile antibodies
Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
47
Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
48
High level of D-dimers
DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
49
Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (Primary TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
50
"Honeycomb lung" on xray
Interstitial fibrosis
51
Hypersegmented neutrophils
Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
52
Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
53
Increased alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
54
Increased uric acid levels
Gout Lesch-Nyhan syndrome Tumor lysis syndrome Loop and thiazide diuretics
55
Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
56
Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased chance of mesothelioma)
57
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
58
"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on xray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
59
Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
Goodpasture's syndrome
60
Low serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
61
"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluoresence
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
62
Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on xray
Multiple myeloma
63
Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
Fibrocystic change of the breast
64
Monoclonal antibody spike
1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA) 2. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significant (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia 4. Primary amyloidosis
65
Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in uring]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
66
Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
67
Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
"String sign" (Crohn's disease)
68
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystal
Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
69
Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
70
Novobiocin response
Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
71
"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
Chronic passive congestion of liver due to R HF
72
"Onion-skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
73
Optochin response
Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae Resistant: Viridans streptococcus
74
Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on xray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
75
Podocyte fusion on EM
Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
76
Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
77
Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease) and Pick's bodies (Pick's disease)
78
Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
Glioblastoma multiforme
79
RBC casts in urine
Acute glomerulonephritis
80
Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinki crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
81
Renal epithelial casts in urine
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
82
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
83
Rib notching
Coarctation of the aorta
84
Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
Toxoplasma gondii
85
Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
86
Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
87
"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
88
"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
Membranous glomeulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
89
Stacks of red blood cells
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
90
Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
91
"Tennis-racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
92
Thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
93
"Thumb sign" on lateral xray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
94
Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
95
"Tram-track" appearance on LM
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
96
Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
97
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
98
"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM
Lupus nephropathy
99
Yellow CSF
Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)

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