Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

FA Rapid Review > Classic Labs/Findings > Flashcards

Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards

(105 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

anticentromere antibodies

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

andidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies

A

pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

antihistone antibodies

A

drug-induced SLE (hydralizine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

anti-IgG antibodies

A

rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

antimitochondrial antibodies

A

primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

A

microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
granulomatosis with polyangiitis/Wegener’s granulomatosis (PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

A

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

antiplatelet antibodies

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

anti-topoisomerase antibodies

A

diffuse systemic scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies

A

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

“apple core” lesion on abdominal x-ray

A

colorectal cancer (usually L sided)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

A

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic M3 type)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Bacitracin response

A

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
Resistant:: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

“Bamboo spine” on x-ray

A

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, associated with HLA-B27)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

A

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or functional asplenia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

basophilic stippling of RBCs

A

lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bloody tap on LP

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

“boot-shaped” heart on x-ray

A

Tetralogy of Fallot (children)

RVH (adults)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules

A

Actinomyces israelii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bronchiogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

A

Pancoast tumor

can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

“Brown” tumor of bone

A

hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica

deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

A

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

A

rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
"chocolate cyst" of ovary
endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
26
circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
27
colonies of mucoid-producing Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis | AR mutation in CFTR gene --> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs
28
decreased AFP in amnoitic fluid/maternal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
29
degeneration of dorsal column nerves
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphillis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns + lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
30
degeneration of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
31
desquamated epithelial casts in sputum
Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma, can result in whorled mucous plugs)
32
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies | granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
33
dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV)
34
enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
35
Enlarged thryoid cells with ground-glass nuclei
"Orphan Annie" nuclei | papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
36
eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
37
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
38
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
39
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
Negri bodies of rabies
40
extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain
senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
41
Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
42
Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
43
"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
44
hCG elevated
choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, multiple pregnancy
45
heart nodules (granulomatous)
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
46
heterophile antibodies
infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
47
hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
bronchial asthma | Charcot-Leyden crystals, eosinophilic granules
48
high level of D-dimers
DVT, PE, DIC
49
hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
Ghon complex (primary Tb, Mycobacterium bacilli)
50
"honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
51
hypercoagulability leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis
Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of the pancreas or lung)
52
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic sx, folate deficiency: no neurologic sx)
53
HTN, hypokalema, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (aldosterone producing adenoma)
54
hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal Hgb sometimes present)
55
increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
56
increased uric acid levels
gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
57
intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
58
iron-containing nodules in alveolar sputum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increased risk of mesothelioma)
59
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
60
large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
61
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium x-ray
Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
62
linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
Goodpasture syndrome
63
lower serum ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
64
"lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunoflourescence
poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
65
lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray
multiple myeloma
66
mammary gland ("blue domed ") cyst
fibrocystic change of the breast
67
monoclonal antibody spike
- Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA) - monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging) - Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia - primary amyloidosis
68
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
"signet ring" | gastric carcinoma
69
narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
"string sign" | Crohn disease
70
necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
``` granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) Goodpasture syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies) ```
71
needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
gout | monosodium urate crystals
72
nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
73
Novobiocin response
sensitive: staphylococcus epidermidis resistant: staphylococcus saphrophyticus
74
"nutmeg" appearance of liver
chronic passive congestion of liver due to R heart failure
75
"onion skin" periosteal reaction
Ewing sarcoma (malignant round cell tumor)
76
optochin response
sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant: viridans Streptococci
77
periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
Codman's triangle on x-ray | osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis
78
podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
minimal change disease | child with nephrotic syndrome
79
polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis
80
protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
81
Psammoma bodies
meningioma papillary thyroid carcinoma mesothelioma papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
82
pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
glioblastoma multiforme
83
RBC casts in urine
acute glomerulonephritis
84
rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
85
Renal epithelial casts in urine
acute toxic/viral renal injury
86
rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
87
rib notching
coarctation of the aorta
88
ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
toxoplasma gondii | primary CNS lymphoma
89
sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
Burkitt lymphoma t(8,14) --> c-myc activation associated with EBV "black sky" made up of malignant cells
90
sliver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
Pick bodies | Pick disease: progressive dementia + changes in personality
91
"soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray
Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
92
"spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
93
stacks of RBCs
Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
94
stippled vaginal epithelial cells
"clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
95
"tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
Birbeck granules Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X eosinophilic granuloma
96
thrombi made of white/red layers
Lines of Zahn - arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs
97
"thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
98
thyroid-like appearance of kidney
chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
99
"tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
100
triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
101
"waxy" casts with very low urine flow
chronic end-stage renal disease
102
WBC casts in urine
acute pyelonephritis
103
WBCs that look "smudged"
CLL (almost always B cell)
104
"wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
Lupus nephropathy
105
yellowish CSF
xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)

FA Rapid Review (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions