DIT Rapid-Fire Facts Flashcards
(266 cards)
1
Q
continuous machinery-like murmur
A
PDA
2
Q
“boot-shaped” heart
A
tetralogy of Fallot
3
Q
rib notching
A
coarctation of the aorta
4
Q
most common congenital cardiac anomaly
A
VSD
5
Q
most common cause of early cyanosis
A
tetralogy of Fallot
6
Q
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
A
phenoxybenzamine
7
Q
selective a1 antagonist for BPH
A
tamsulosin
less hypotension bc selective for a1 receptors in the prostate
8
Q
drooling farmer
A
organophosphate poisoning
9
Q
amyloid deposits in gray matter of the brain
A
Alzheimer’s dementia
10
Q
treatment for absence seizures
A
ethosuximide (also VPA)
11
Q
treatment for tonic-clonic seizures
A
phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproic acid
12
Q
“worst headache of my life”
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
13
Q
lucid interval following head trauma
A
epidural hematoma
14
Q
bloody CSF on LP
A
subarachnoid hemorrhage
15
Q
most common cause of subdural hematoma
A
trauma, rupture of bridging veins
16
Q
most common cause of epidural hematoma
A
temporal bone fracture –> middle meningeal artery injury
17
Q
ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
A
Horner syndrome
18
Q
unilateral facial droop involving the forehead
A
CN VII lesion (Bell’s palsy)
19
Q
hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
A
Marfan’s syndrome
20
Q
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
A
Alport syndrome
21
Q
most common cause of neural tube defects
A
folate deficiency
22
Q
most common cause of congenital malformations in the US
A
EtOH use –> fetal alcohol syndrome
23
Q
most common cause of congenital intellectual disability in the US
A
fetal alcohol syndrome
24
Q
bounding pulses, head-bobbing, diastolic murmur
A
aortic regurgitation
25
bone enlargement, bone pain, arthritis
Paget's disease of the bone
26
vertebral compression fractures
osteoporosis
27
positive anterior drawer sign
anterior cruciate ligament injury
28
swollen, hard, painful finger joints
osteoarthritis
29
swollen, boggy, painful finger joints
rheumatoid arthritis
30
cartilage erosion with polished bone underneath
eburnation (osteoarthritis)
31
swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
gout
32
positively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals
pseudogout (CPPD)
33
negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals
gout
34
bamboo spine
ankylosing spondylitis
35
HLA-B27
seronegative spondyloarthropathies (psoriatic, IBD, reactive, ankylosing spondylitis)
36
anti-Smith & anti-dsDNA
lupus
37
anti-histone Ab
drug-induced lupus
| sulfa drugs, hydralizine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin
38
anti-centromere Ab
CREST scleroderma
39
anti-topoisomerase Ab
diffuse systemic scleroderma
40
anti-Jo1 Ab
polymyositis
41
anti-Ro Ab
Sjogren syndrome
42
facial rash + Raynaud phenomenon in a young woman
lupus
43
arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes
Sjogren syndrome
44
most common cause of death in lupus
lupus nephropathy/renal failure
45
keratin pearls on skin biopsy
squamous cell carcinoma
46
most common malignant skin tumor
basal cell carcinoma
47
most common cancer in men
prostate cancer
48
most common cause of urinary obstruction in men
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
49
most common treatment for erectile dysfunction
phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor
50
dysplastic cervical cells with enlarged, dark nuclei
koilocytes (HPV infection)
51
DES exposure
clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
52
most common tumor in women
leomyoma
53
most common gynecologic malignancy in the US
endometrial carcinoma
54
most common gynecologic malignancy worldwide
cervical cancer
55
chocolate cyst of the ovary
endometriosis
56
most common benign ovarian tumor
serous cystadenoma
57
most common malignant ovarian tumor
serous cystadenocarcinoma
58
disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca tumor)
59
most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Down syndrome (Trisomy 21)
60
2nd most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X syndrome
61
horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma
Turner syndrome
62
rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput and small jaw
Edwards syndrome (Trisomy 18)
63
most common cancer in women in the US
breast cancer
64
most common benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
65
most common malignant breast tumor
invasive (infiltrating) ductal carcinoma
66
blue dome cyst in the breast
nonproliferative fibrocystic change
67
treatment for ER(+) breast cancer
tamoxifen
68
red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple
Paget's disease of the breast
| indicates underlying DCIS --> need mammo
69
branching filamentous Gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
70
food poisoning due to exotoxin
S. aureus, B. cereus
71
osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease
Salmonella
72
most common medication used for UTI prophylaxis
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxizole (TMP-SMX)
73
most common bacteria in a patient with struvite kidney stones
Proteus (then staph)
74
standard treatment for T. pallidum
Penicillin G
75
cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
Pasturella multoceda
76
non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Chancre of primary syphillis
77
moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
Condyloma lata of secondary syphillis
78
large bulls eye rash
erythema migrans (lyme disease)
79
calcified granuloma in the lung + hilar lymphadenopathy
Ghon complex (primary Tb)
80
back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
Pott's disease (vertebral Tb)
81
standard treatment regimen for tuberculosis
rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol (RIPE)
82
eczema, recurrent "cold" abscesses, high serum IgE
hyper IgE syndrome (X-linked)
83
large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
84
toe extension upon stimulating the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
Babinski sign
85
hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, +Babinski sign
UMN lesion
86
hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy
LMN lesion
87
depigmentation of the substantia nigra
Parkinson disease
88
chorea, dementia, atrophy of caudate + putamen
Huntington disease
89
eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies (seen in PD and dementia with Lewy bodies)
90
conjugate lateral gaze palsy with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
91
degeneration of dorsal columns
tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphillis)
92
demyelinating disease in a young woman
multiple sclerosis
93
mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
ALS
94
newborn with arm paralysis following difficult labor
Erb-Duchenne palsy
95
most common cause of dementia
Alzhiemer disease
96
2nd most common cause of dementia
multi-infarct (vascular) dementia
97
extracellular amyloid deposits in grey matter
amyloid (senile) plaques
98
intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau
neurofibrillary tangles
99
intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on sliver stain
Pick bodies (FTD)
100
dysphagia, glossitis & iron deficiency anemia
Plummer-Vinson syndrome
101
hematemesis with retching
Mallory-Weiss tear
102
mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
signet ring cell (seen in gastric cancer, LCIS, invasive lobular cancer)
103
most common type of stomach cancer
adenocarcinoms
104
ovarian metastases from gastric cancer
Kruckenberg tumor
105
gastric ulcerations, very high gastrin levels
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma)
106
acute gastric ulcer associated with increased ICP or head trauma
Cushing ulcer
107
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling ulcer
108
weight loss, diarrhea, fever, adenopathy & hyperpigmentation
Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei)
109
anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadidn/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac sprue
110
vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects
folic acid
111
most common surgical emergency
appendicitis
112
severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
113
most common cancer of the appendix
carcinoid tumor
114
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
115
multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner syndrome
116
apple core lesions on barium enema
colon cancer
117
most common site of colonic diverticula
sigmoid colon
118
"string sign" on contrast AXR
Crohn disease
119
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on contrast x-ray
Ulcerative colitis
120
painless jaundice
pancreatic adenocarcinoma in the head of the pancreas
121
most common cause of acute pancreatitis
EtOH, gallstones
122
most common cause of chronic pancreatitis
EtOH
123
severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
Crigler-Najar syndrome type I
124
mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert syndrome
125
triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
hepatic steatosis/fatty liver disease
126
eosinophilic inclusions in cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Mallory bodies
127
cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
128
hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites
Budd-Chiari syndrome
129
green/yellow corneal deposits
Kayser-Fleischer rings (Wilson's disease)
130
low serum cerulopasmin
Wilson's disease
131
cirrhosis, diabetes & hyperpigmentation
Hemochromatosis
132
chronic sinusitis, infertility, situs inversus
Kartagener syndrome (primary ciliary dyskinesia)
133
elevated D-dimer
DVT, PE (very nonspecific)
134
blood stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage
Virchow triad for thrombosis
135
blue bloater
chronic bronchitis (hypoxemia & hypercapnea)
136
pink puffer
emphysema (dyspnea & hyperventilation)
137
Curschmann's spirals
shed epithelium forms mucus plugs
| asthma
138
most common cause of pulmonary hypertension
COPD
139
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
Sarcoidosis
140
vascculitis & glomerulonephritis
Goodpasture syndrome
| Wegener's granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)
141
anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome
142
honeycomb lung on CXR
interstitial fibrosis
143
"tennis racket"-shaped cytoplasmic organelles
Birbeck granules
| seen in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma)
144
iron-containning nodules in alveolar septum
Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
145
lung cancer associated with SIADH
small cell
146
tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
Pancoast tumor
147
chest pain, pericardial friction rub and persistent fever for several weeks after a MI
Dressler syndrome
148
splinter hemorrhages under the nails
infective endocarditis
149
retinal hemorrhages with pale spots
Roth spots (Infective endocarditis)
150
heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
Mitral valve
151
heart valve most commonly involved in IVDU with infective endocarditis
tricuspid valve
152
granulomatous nodules in the heart
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic heart disease)
153
most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
myxoma (most commonly in the left atrium)
154
most common primary cardiac tumor in children
rhabdomyoma
155
most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
Lupus (US)
| Tuberculosis (developing countries)
156
cold, pale, painful digits
Raynaud disease
157
c-ANCA
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
158
p-ANCA
microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome
159
treatment for Buerger's disease
smoking cessation
160
treatment for temporal arteritis
high dose steroids
161
most common cause of bacterial meningitis in a neonate
GBS
E. coli
Listeria
162
most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children
S. pneumoniae
| N. meningiditis
163
most common cause of bacterial meningitis in adults
S. pneumoniae
164
osteomyelitis in IVDU
S. aureus
Pseudomonas
Serratia
165
osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient
Salmonella
166
most common reportable STD
chlamydia
167
non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
Chancre of primary syphillis
168
painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion with exudate
Chancroid
169
stippled vaginal epithelial cells on wet prep of vaginal discharge
clue cells (Bacterial vaginosis)
170
common treatment for syphillis
penicillin G
171
common treatment for trichomonas
metronidazole
172
common treatment for chlamydia
doxycycline, azithromycin
173
common treatment for gonorrhea
ceftriaxone
174
boy with self-mutilating behavior, intellectual disability and gout
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency)
175
orotic acid in the urine and increased serum ammonia
OTC deficiency
176
orotic acid in the urine with normal serum ammonia
orotic aciduria (CPS2 deficiency)
177
megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with B12 & folate
orotic aciduria
178
most common medication for ADHD
methylphenidate (Ritalin)
179
most common medication for bulimia nervosa
fluoxetine
180
medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal
benzodiazepines
181
most effective treatment for alcohol abuse
alcoholics anonymous
182
atrophy of the mammilary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy
183
treatment for central DI
desmopressin (DDAVP)
184
treatment for nephrogenic DI
HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
185
treatment for Lithium-induced nephrogenic DI
amiloride - blocks the Na channels that Lithium uses to enter the cell
186
nodular hyaline deposits in the glomeruli
Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (DM nephropathy)
187
gomerulonephritis + pulmonary vasculitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
| Goodpasture syndrome
188
red cell casts
acute glomerulonephritis
189
waxy casts
chronic renal failure
190
thyroid-like appearance of the kidney
chronic pyelonephritis
191
most common renal tumor
renal cell carcinoma
192
most common type of renal stone
calcium
193
type of renal stone associated with Proteus vulgaris
struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate)
194
bluish colored lines on the gingiva
Burton's lines (lead poisoning)
195
treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia
Vitamin D
196
swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, spots on skin
scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
197
most common vitamin deficiency in the US
folate deficiency
198
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency)
199
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema and polyneuropathy
wet beriberi (thiamine/B1 deficiency)
200
inability to breat feed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome
201
infertility, galactorrhea, bitemporal hemianopsia
prolactinoma
202
most common causes of Cushing syndrome
exogenous steroid use, ectopic ACTH (paraneoplastic), ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease), adrenal tumor secreting cortisol (rare)
203
most common tumor of the adrenal gland
benign, non-functioning adenoma
204
most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults
pheochromocytoma
205
most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in children
neuroblastoma
206
most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism
adrenal adenoma
207
medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone, elperenone)
208
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist (phenoxybenzamine) + beta blocker
209
pheochromocytoma + medullary thyroid cancer + hyperparathyroidism
MEN 2A
210
pheochromocytoma + medullary thyroid cancer + mucosal neuromas
MEN 2B
211
adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation
Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)
212
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
213
most common thyroid cancer
papillary carcinoma
214
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
215
enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
papillary carcinoma
216
standard treatment for DKA
IV fluids
IV insulin drip
K+ repletion
217
standard treatment for T1DM
insulin
218
standard treatment for T2DM
low carbohydrate diet
weight loss
oral hypoglycemic medications
insulin
219
most common cause of hypercalcemia
primary hyperparathyroidism
220
most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism
chronic renal failure
221
most common cause of hypoparathyroidism
parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery
222
facial muscle spasm when tapping cheek
Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)
223
parathyroid, pancreatic and pituitary tumors
MEN 1
224
preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
heparin
225
preferred anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulation
warfarin
226
preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
heparin
227
causes of hypochromic microcytic anemia
iron deficiency, thalassemia, lead poisoning
228
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia
229
skull x-ray shows "hairs on end" appearance
marrow hyperplasia (beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia)
230
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning
231
painful cyanosis of finger and toes with hemolytic anemia
cold autoimmune hemolytic anemia
232
red urine in the morning and fragile RBCs
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
233
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies
| s/p splenectomy
234
autosplenectomy
sickle cell disease
235
drug used to treat sickle cell anemia
hydroxyurea
236
antiplatelet antibodies
immune thrombocytopenia
237
bleeding disorder with gpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier disease
238
most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand disease
239
cancer most commonly associated with non-infectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
240
sheets of lymphoid cells with a "starry sky" apperance
Burkitt lymphoma
241
large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent "owl's eye" inclusions
Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
242
"smudge" cells
CLL
243
"punched out" lytic bone lesions
multiple myeloma
244
RBC clumped together like a sack of coins
rouleaux formation (multiple myeloma)
245
monoclonal antibody spike
multiple myeloma, MGUS, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
246
reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
Auer rods (M3 AML)
247
dark purple skin nodules in HIV patients
Kaposi's Sarcoma
248
temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
249
owl's eye inclusions in organ tissue
CMV
250
intranuclear eosinophilc droplets
Cowdry A bodies (HSV, VZV)
251
aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient
parvovirus B19 (ssDNA)
252
child with a fever and slapped cheek rash on face that spreads to the body
erythema infeciousum (parvovirus B19)
253
fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, diffuse rash
measles (rubeola)
254
small, irregular, blue-gray spots on buccal mucosa surrounded by base of erythema
Koplik spots (measles)
255
treatment for CMV
ganciclovir
| foscarnet if resistant
256
most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
pneumocystic jirovecii pneumonia
257
drug used to prevent pneumocystic pneumonia
TMP-SMX
258
treatment for oral candidaisis
nystatin
| fluconazole
259
prophylaxis for cryptococcus in AIDS patients
fluconazole
260
treatment for systemic candidiasis
immuncompetent: fluconazole
immunocompromised: amphotericin B, echinocandin
261
treatment for Sporothrix schenckii
itraconazole (first line), potassium iodide
262
ring-enhancing brain lesions in HIV
toxoplasmosis
| primary CNS lymphoma
263
treatment for trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole
264
most common protozoal diarrhea
Giardia lamblia
265
most common helminth infection in the US
enterobius vermicularis
266
second most common helminth infection in the US
Ascaris lumbricoides
