The ___________________ – _____ was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states led by King Leonidas of Sparta and the Persian Empire of ______. Over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece.
Battle of Thermopylae; Xerxes I
Alexander then turned south and invaded _____, easily defeating the satrap there and declaring himself the son of Zeus-Amon.
Egypt
________ was limited to adult men who owned land. Women and slaves were not given _________.
Citizenship; citizenship
The _________ held the Persian infantry in place long enough for the _____ _____ to attack from the sides - the “______ ___ _____”.
phalanges; heavy cavalry; Hammer and Anvil
Bronze Age
1600-1100 BCE
Hellenistic Greece
320-31 BCE
Phillip armed his infantry with ________ - 18 foot long spears - and organized them into the ________ formation.
sarissas; phalanx
The Spartan Army was led by a _____ - two kings.
duarchy
Ancient Athens was a radical _______. Every citizen was expected to take part in the government, and every citizen helped to make decisions.
democracy
Classical Greece
480-320 BCE
In the 4th century BCE, the Northern Greek kingdom of Macedon grew in power and importance thanks to its king “_____ __ ____-____”
Phillip the one-eyed
Dark Age
1100-900 BCE
Alexander next attacked and conquered the city of ____, which was an island off the coast.
Tyre
Sparta had an ____, a government where only the wealthiest citizens are allowed to make decisions.
oligarchy
The Spartans were full-time soldiers. They relied on a large population of enslaved Greeks that they called ______ to support the City.
belots
The stalemate was only ended when the _______ ____ ___ _____ ___ ____!
Spartans asked the Persians for help
Philip reformed the Macedonian army, and created the first full-time army of ____ ____ since Sparta.
professional soldiers
He first fought the forces of Darius III at the______ __ ___ in 333 BCE.
Battle of Issus
It took place simultaneously with the naval battle at Artemision, in 480 BCE, at the narrow coastal pass of Thermopylae (“ __ _____ _____”)
The Hot Gates
At the age of 16, _______ led his father’s heavy cavalry against the other Greek city-states. Together they conquered Greece.
Alexander
When Alexander became king of Macedon, he gathered a large army from all the Greek city-states and trained them to fight in the ______ formation.
phalanx
Greece was divided into two alliances: the _____ ____ led by Athens and the ______ _____ led by Sparta.
Delian League; Peloponnesian League
Alexander’s army invaded Persia from the North. When he arrived at Gordian, he encountered the prophecy of the ______ ______. What was his solution to it?
Gordian Knot
Philip also organized a new ___ _____ that fought in a ______ formation.
heavy cavalry; wedge