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MRCPsych > Classification > Flashcards

Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Where is schizotypal disorder classified in ICD-11?

A

WIth Schizophrenia and related disorders

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2
Q

Where is schizotypal disorder classified in DSM-V?

A

Cluster A personality disorders

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3
Q

What level of support might somebody with moderate learning disability need?

A

Can manage basic self care but need significant support to live independently and maintain employment as adults

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4
Q

Level of support required for severe learning disability

A

Daily support in supervised environment usually required

Some may develop basic self care skills with intensive support and training

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5
Q

Level of support required for profound LD

A

Limited communication ability

Daily support in supervised environments usually required

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6
Q

How long does it take to recover from most cases of delirium?

A

4 weeks

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7
Q

What is Ganser syndrome?

A

Approximate answers, disorientation, clouding of consciousness, hallucinations, motor disturbance, anxiety/apathy with then sudden resolution with amnesia for period of illness

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8
Q

Where is Ganser syndrome classified in ICD-11?

A

Other specified dissociative disorders

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9
Q

Who described the three-syndrome model of schizophrenia?

A

Liddle

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10
Q

Clinical features of avoidant personality disorder

A

Fear of criticism or rejection
Unwillingness to get involved unless certain they will be liked
Social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy
View self as inferior

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11
Q

What is De Clerambault syndrome?

A

Form of delusion of love

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12
Q

Whats % of children with ADHD have a comorbid disorder?

A

50-80%

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13
Q

What are some common comorbid conditions with ADHD?

A 
Specific learning disorders - 70%
ASD - 59%
Tics/Tourette's - 55%
Oppositional defiant disorder - 30-50%
Depression - 12-50%
Bipolar - 5-47%
Conduct disorder - 3.5-10%
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14
Q

What was Angst’s work in?

A

Bipolarity of mood disorders

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15
Q

Core symptoms of Schizophrenia in ICD-11

A

Delusions
Hallucinations
Experiences of passivity, influence or control
Disorganised thinking - formal thought disorder

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16
Q

What is Windigo?

A

Person developing the delusion of transforming into a cannablistic monster and craving human flesh under the threat of starvation in severely cold weather

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17
Q

When should schizophrenia, continuous be diagnosed?

A

If symptoms fulfilling criteria for schizophrenia have been present for almost all of the illness course over the period of at least 1 year with periods of subthreshold symptoms being brief

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18
Q

What are some characteristics of a paranoid personality disorder?

A
  • Suspicions that others are harming them
  • Holding long-standing grudges
  • Increased sensitivity to criticism and setbacks
  • Believing others are not trustworthy
  • Feeling that others are attacking their character
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19
Q

What are some characteristics of delirium tremens?

A
  • Clouding of consciousness
  • Disorientation
  • Amnesia of recent events
  • Agitation
  • Hallucinations - characteristically lilliputian
  • Sweating, fear, cardiovascular collapse
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20
Q

Features required for diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder

A

Schizophrenic and affective symptoms simultaneously present for at least 1 month with both being equally prominent

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21
Q

Where is schizoaffective disorder classified?

A

Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders

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22
Q

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A
  1. Flattened affect
  2. Alogia - poverty of speech
  3. Anhedonia
  4. Social withdrawal
  5. Avolition
  6. Lethargy
  7. Attentional impairment
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23
Q

How many axes did the ICD-10 use and what were they?

A

3

1 - the mental disorder
2 - the degree of disability
3 - current psychosocial problems

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24
Q

When does schizophrenia following brain injury tend to occur?

A

1-5 years after injury

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25
Q

Who coined the term simple schizophrenia?

A

Bleuler

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26
Q

What % of people with MCI go on to develop AD?

A

10-15%

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27
Q

When do PTSD symptoms arise?

A

Within 6 months of the trauma

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28
Q

What are the 3 common clinical presentations of postpartum psychosis?

A
  1. Prominent affective symptoms
  2. Schizophreniform disorder
  3. Acute organic psychosis
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29
Q

How is postpartum psychosis classified in ICD-11?

A

Mental disorder associated with the puerperium with psychotic symptoms - use this code for significant mental disorders occurring about 6 weeks after delivery that include delusions, hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms

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30
Q

When do you see kinaesthetic hallucinations?

A

Benzo withdrawal
Schizophrenia
Alcohol intoxication

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31
Q

Who introduced the term Schizoaffective psychosis?

A

Kasanin

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32
Q

Is there any association between social class and anorexia?

A

No

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33
Q

What is the genetic concordance of anorexia nervose MZ and DZ?

A

MZ - 65%

DZ - 32%

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34
Q

What is fregoli syndrome?

A

Type of delusional misidentification in which patient believes that strangers have been replaced with familiar people

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35
Q

According to DSM-V, the core symptoms of ADHD must appear before what age?

A

12

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36
Q

What is a conduct disorder characterised by?

A

Repetitive and persistent pattern of antisocial, aggressive or defiant behaviours that defy age-appropriate societal norms or rules

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37
Q

What is bipolar I?

A

At least one past or present manic or mixed episode

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38
Q

What is bipolar II?

A

At least one hypomanic and one depressive episode

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39
Q

Features of delusional disorder

A

Delusions without hallucinations and thought disorder along with preserved family and work functioning

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40
Q

3 core features of ADHD

A

Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsiveness

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41
Q

What is an adjustment disorder?

A

Maladaptive reaction of an identifiable psychosocial stressor or multiple stressors that usually emerges within one month of the stressor

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42
Q

In which type of personality disorder might people have difficulty making decisions

A

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

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43
Q

What does an operationalised approach involve?

A

Clearly defined clinical descriptions of disorders with explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria

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44
Q

What is classed as a significantly low body weight?

A

BMI 14-18.5

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45
Q

What is classed as a dangerously low body weight?

A

BMI less than 14

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46
Q

How long does the natural course of an episode of untreated mania last?

A

4 months

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47
Q

How long does the natural course of an episode of untreated depression last?

A

6 months

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48
Q

What is the classic triad of wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

Confusion
Ataxia
Nystagmus/ophthalmoplegia

49
Q

What does Wernicke’s encephalopathy develop secondary to?

A

Thamine (vitamin B1) deficiency

50
Q

First rank symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • Auditory hallucinations
  • Delusions of thought interference
  • Delusions of control
  • Delusions of perception
51
Q

According to ICD-11, what is the minimum duration of drinking to make a diagnosis of alcohol dependence disorder?

A

1 month if drinking almost everyday

Usually evident over 12 months

52
Q

Which dimensional descriptors have been introduced for schizophrenia in ICD-11?

A 
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms 
Depressive mood symptoms 
Manic mood symptoms
Psychomotor symptoms
Cognitive symptoms
53
Q

Cluster A personality disorders

A

Mad

Schizotypal, paranoid, schizoid

54
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A

Bad

Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline

55
Q

Cluster C personality disorders

A

Sad

Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive

56
Q

Time frame in ICD-11 for diagnosing personality disorders

A

Over 2 years

57
Q

What is La Belle Indifference?

A

Surprising lack of concern for or denial of apparently severe functional disability

58
Q

What is the most vocationally impairing personality disorder?

A

Borderline

59
Q

What is bipolar III?

A

Hypomania or mania precipitated by taking antidepressant drugs

60
Q

What is the best test to differentiate delirium from dementia?

A

With delirium, attention and level of consciousness are reduced and fluctuating - with dementia these domains tend to remain intact until advanced stages

61
Q

Most children with selective mutism also meet diagnostic criteria for which disorder?

A

Social anxiety disorder

62
Q

How much does smoking cannabis as an adolescent increase your risk of schizophrenia by?

A

2-4x

63
Q

Features of dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue

A

Loss of personal identity and sudden travel away from home, work or significant others for an extended period of time
A new identity may be assumed

64
Q

When do symptoms of adjustment disorder resolve?

A

6 months of termination of the stressor

65
Q

In PTSD, what is associated with a poor prognosis?

A

Emotional numbing

66
Q

The global assessment of functioning forms which axis in the DSM-V?

A

Five

67
Q

What % of non-schizophrenic patients exhibit first rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

10-20%

68
Q

What % of patients with schizophrenia present with at least 1 first rank symptom?

A

58%

69
Q

Minimum symptom duration in ICD-11 to make diagnosis of schizophrenia

A

1 month

70
Q

ASD typically becomes evident at what age?

A

Less than 2 years old

71
Q

What is the time frame for acute and transient psychotic disorder?

A

Acute onset of a clear psychotic state from a non-psychotic state within a period of 2 weeks

72
Q

How long does acute and transient psychotic disorder last?

A

3 months

73
Q

What has happened to subtypes of schizophrenia in ICD-11?

A

They have been eliminated due to lack of predictive validity or utility in treatment

74
Q

How does acute stress disorder differ from PTSD?

A

Acute stress disorder is similar to PTSD in that symptoms are similar but acute stress disorder generally resolves after 4 weeks

75
Q

What treatment may be trialled in cyclothymia?

A

Mood stabiliser

76
Q

Is narcissistic personality disorder included in ICD?

A

No only in DSM-V

77
Q

Where in the world is this diagnosis mainly made?

A

North America

78
Q

Who is often referred to as the founding father of neuropsychiatry?

A

Wilheim Griesinger

79
Q

Poor prognostic factors in schizophrenia

A 
Male
Insidious onset
Young onset
Enlarged ventricles
Negative symptoms (not mood symptoms, these are a positive factor)
80
Q

What are some organic causes of catatonia?

A
  • Post-encephalitis states
  • Parkinsonism
  • Seizures
  • Bilateral globus pallidus disease
  • Lesions of the thalamus or parietal lobe
  • Frontal lobe disease
  • General paresis
  • CO poisoning
81
Q

What adverse drug effect can catatonia occur as a result of?

A

Neuroleptic medication or phencyclidine

82
Q

Who coined the term schizophrenia?

A

Bleuler

83
Q

Who was associated with hierarchical organisation?

A

Jaspers

84
Q

5As in alzheimer’s dementia

A

Amnesia - impaired ability to learn new information
Aphasia - problems with langue
Agnosia - failure of recognition
Apraxia - inability to carry out purposeful movements
Associated disturbance - behavioural changes, delusions, hallucinations

85
Q

When do emotional and personailty changes occur in vascular dementia?

A

Early followed by cognitive deficits that are often fluctuating in severity

86
Q

When would you give diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease dementia?

A

If Parkinsonian symptoms have existed for more than 12 months before dementia develops

87
Q

WHat diagnosis would you give if motor symptoms and cognitive symptoms develop within 12 months?

A

Lewy body dementia

88
Q

What % of people with schizophrenia never exhibit a first rank symptom?

A

20%

89
Q

Features of schizotypal disorder

A

Eccentric manners, social withdrawal, magical thinking, suspiciousness, suspiciousness and obsessive ruminations without resistance

90
Q

How long must symptoms be present for in schizotypal disorder to diagnose?

A

2 years without a diagnosis of schizophrenia

91
Q

In which group of people is schizotypal disorder more common in?

A

First degree relatives of schizophrenics

92
Q

What happens to the risk of schizophrenia in family of people with schizotypal disorder?

A

Their risk is increased for developing schizophrenia

93
Q

Where is induced delusional disorder classified in ICD-10?

A

F24

94
Q

Which group is schizoaffective disorder classified with in ICD10?

A

F20 - psychoses

95
Q

What is bouffee delirante?

A

Psychosis of sudden onset
Clouded consciousness with absence of physical signs
Rapid return to premorbid level of functioning

96
Q

What did Langfeldt describe?

A

Process schizophrenia - 2 groups of psychoses 1- a group with poor prognosis labelled genuine and group with good prognosis labelled schizophreniform

97
Q

What did Leonhard describe?

A

Cycloid psychoses

98
Q

According to ICD-10 when can diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder be given?

A

If there has been at least one previous major depressive episode separated by the current episode by at least 2 months

99
Q

What does ICD-10 need to satisfy before diagnosis of bipolar can be given?

A

Needs to have been at least 2 episodes with complete recovery in between the episodes

100
Q

How long must the mania be present for?

A

7 days (less if hospitalised)

101
Q

How many days must hypomania be present for?

A

4 days

102
Q

What is rapid cycling?

A

at least 4 episodes of bipolar disorder occur within a period of 1 year

103
Q

What % of rapid cyclers are women?

A

70-80%

104
Q

What are some of the factors associated with rapid cycling?

A
  • Use of TCA
  • Low thyroxine
  • Female
  • Bipolar II
  • Presence of neurological disease
105
Q

What is secondary mania?

A

Can occur as a result of misuse of alcohol or illicit drugs and can also occur with some prescribed drugs such as levodopa and corticosteroids

106
Q

What is dysthymia?

A

Chronic, mildly depressed mood and diminished enjoyment not severe enough to be considered a depressive illness

107
Q

What is cyclothymia?

A

Oscillating high and low moods without ever having a significant manic or depressive episode

108
Q

When can you diagnose SAD?

A

3 or more affective episodes must occur with onset in the same 90 day period of the year for 3 or more consecutive years
Remissions should occur within a defined 90 day period of the year

109
Q

When would a panic disorder be graded as severe?

A

More than 4 attacks per week in a 4 week period

110
Q

How long does a typical grief reaction last?

A

12 months with average duration of 6 months

111
Q

4 phases of grief?

A

Phase I - shock and protest
Phase II - preoccupation
Phase III - disorganisation
Phase IV - resolution

112
Q

Mild LD IQ

A

50-69

113
Q

Moderate LD IQ

A

35-49

114
Q

Severe LD IQ

A

20-34

115
Q

Profound LD IQ

A

<20

116
Q

What is Heller’s syndrome?

A

Childhood disintegrative disorder whic is said to resemble dementia

117
Q

What is Landau-Kleffner syndrome also called?

A

Acquired aphasia with epilepsy

118
Q

What is Landau-Kleffner syndrome?

A

Despite previous normal progress in language development, loses both receptive and expressive language skills but retains intelligence
Temporal lobe epilepsy on EEG

MRCPsych (19 decks)

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