Classification Flashcards
1
Q
Where is schizotypal disorder classified in ICD-11?
A
WIth Schizophrenia and related disorders
2
Q
Where is schizotypal disorder classified in DSM-V?
A
Cluster A personality disorders
3
Q
What level of support might somebody with moderate learning disability need?
A
Can manage basic self care but need significant support to live independently and maintain employment as adults
4
Q
Level of support required for severe learning disability
A
Daily support in supervised environment usually required
Some may develop basic self care skills with intensive support and training
5
Q
Level of support required for profound LD
A
Limited communication ability
Daily support in supervised environments usually required
6
Q
How long does it take to recover from most cases of delirium?
A
4 weeks
7
Q
What is Ganser syndrome?
A
Approximate answers, disorientation, clouding of consciousness, hallucinations, motor disturbance, anxiety/apathy with then sudden resolution with amnesia for period of illness
8
Q
Where is Ganser syndrome classified in ICD-11?
A
Other specified dissociative disorders
9
Q
Who described the three-syndrome model of schizophrenia?
A
Liddle
10
Q
Clinical features of avoidant personality disorder
A
Fear of criticism or rejection
Unwillingness to get involved unless certain they will be liked
Social inhibition due to feelings of inadequacy
View self as inferior
11
Q
What is De Clerambault syndrome?
A
Form of delusion of love
12
Q
Whats % of children with ADHD have a comorbid disorder?
A
50-80%
13
Q
What are some common comorbid conditions with ADHD?
A
Specific learning disorders - 70% ASD - 59% Tics/Tourette's - 55% Oppositional defiant disorder - 30-50% Depression - 12-50% Bipolar - 5-47% Conduct disorder - 3.5-10%
14
Q
What was Angst’s work in?
A
Bipolarity of mood disorders
15
Q
Core symptoms of Schizophrenia in ICD-11
A
Delusions
Hallucinations
Experiences of passivity, influence or control
Disorganised thinking - formal thought disorder
16
Q
What is Windigo?
A
Person developing the delusion of transforming into a cannablistic monster and craving human flesh under the threat of starvation in severely cold weather
17
Q
When should schizophrenia, continuous be diagnosed?
A
If symptoms fulfilling criteria for schizophrenia have been present for almost all of the illness course over the period of at least 1 year with periods of subthreshold symptoms being brief
18
Q
What are some characteristics of a paranoid personality disorder?
A
- Suspicions that others are harming them
- Holding long-standing grudges
- Increased sensitivity to criticism and setbacks
- Believing others are not trustworthy
- Feeling that others are attacking their character
19
Q
What are some characteristics of delirium tremens?
A
- Clouding of consciousness
- Disorientation
- Amnesia of recent events
- Agitation
- Hallucinations - characteristically lilliputian
- Sweating, fear, cardiovascular collapse
20
Q
Features required for diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder
A
Schizophrenic and affective symptoms simultaneously present for at least 1 month with both being equally prominent
21
Q
Where is schizoaffective disorder classified?
A
Schizophrenia or other primary psychotic disorders
22
Q
What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
A
- Flattened affect
- Alogia - poverty of speech
- Anhedonia
- Social withdrawal
- Avolition
- Lethargy
- Attentional impairment
23
Q
How many axes did the ICD-10 use and what were they?
A
3
1 - the mental disorder
2 - the degree of disability
3 - current psychosocial problems
24
Q
When does schizophrenia following brain injury tend to occur?
A
1-5 years after injury
25
Who coined the term simple schizophrenia?
Bleuler
26
What % of people with MCI go on to develop AD?
10-15%
27
When do PTSD symptoms arise?
Within 6 months of the trauma
28
What are the 3 common clinical presentations of postpartum psychosis?
1. Prominent affective symptoms
2. Schizophreniform disorder
3. Acute organic psychosis
29
How is postpartum psychosis classified in ICD-11?
Mental disorder associated with the puerperium with psychotic symptoms - use this code for significant mental disorders occurring about 6 weeks after delivery that include delusions, hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms
30
When do you see kinaesthetic hallucinations?
Benzo withdrawal
Schizophrenia
Alcohol intoxication
31
Who introduced the term Schizoaffective psychosis?
Kasanin
32
Is there any association between social class and anorexia?
No
33
What is the genetic concordance of anorexia nervose MZ and DZ?
MZ - 65%
| DZ - 32%
34
What is fregoli syndrome?
Type of delusional misidentification in which patient believes that strangers have been replaced with familiar people
35
According to DSM-V, the core symptoms of ADHD must appear before what age?
12
36
What is a conduct disorder characterised by?
Repetitive and persistent pattern of antisocial, aggressive or defiant behaviours that defy age-appropriate societal norms or rules
37
What is bipolar I?
At least one past or present manic or mixed episode
38
What is bipolar II?
At least one hypomanic and one depressive episode
39
Features of delusional disorder
Delusions without hallucinations and thought disorder along with preserved family and work functioning
40
3 core features of ADHD
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Impulsiveness
41
What is an adjustment disorder?
Maladaptive reaction of an identifiable psychosocial stressor or multiple stressors that usually emerges within one month of the stressor
42
In which type of personality disorder might people have difficulty making decisions
Obsessive compulsive personality disorder
43
What does an operationalised approach involve?
Clearly defined clinical descriptions of disorders with explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria
44
What is classed as a significantly low body weight?
BMI 14-18.5
45
What is classed as a dangerously low body weight?
BMI less than 14
46
How long does the natural course of an episode of untreated mania last?
4 months
47
How long does the natural course of an episode of untreated depression last?
6 months
48
What is the classic triad of wernicke's encephalopathy?
Confusion
Ataxia
Nystagmus/ophthalmoplegia
49
What does Wernicke's encephalopathy develop secondary to?
Thamine (vitamin B1) deficiency
50
First rank symptoms of schizophrenia
- Auditory hallucinations
- Delusions of thought interference
- Delusions of control
- Delusions of perception
51
According to ICD-11, what is the minimum duration of drinking to make a diagnosis of alcohol dependence disorder?
1 month if drinking almost everyday
| Usually evident over 12 months
52
Which dimensional descriptors have been introduced for schizophrenia in ICD-11?
```
Positive symptoms
Negative symptoms
Depressive mood symptoms
Manic mood symptoms
Psychomotor symptoms
Cognitive symptoms
```
53
Cluster A personality disorders
Mad
| Schizotypal, paranoid, schizoid
54
Cluster B personality disorders
Bad
| Antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline
55
Cluster C personality disorders
Sad
| Avoidant, Dependent, Obsessive-Compulsive
56
Time frame in ICD-11 for diagnosing personality disorders
Over 2 years
57
What is La Belle Indifference?
Surprising lack of concern for or denial of apparently severe functional disability
58
What is the most vocationally impairing personality disorder?
Borderline
59
What is bipolar III?
Hypomania or mania precipitated by taking antidepressant drugs
60
What is the best test to differentiate delirium from dementia?
With delirium, attention and level of consciousness are reduced and fluctuating - with dementia these domains tend to remain intact until advanced stages
61
Most children with selective mutism also meet diagnostic criteria for which disorder?
Social anxiety disorder
62
How much does smoking cannabis as an adolescent increase your risk of schizophrenia by?
2-4x
63
Features of dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
Loss of personal identity and sudden travel away from home, work or significant others for an extended period of time
A new identity may be assumed
64
When do symptoms of adjustment disorder resolve?
6 months of termination of the stressor
65
In PTSD, what is associated with a poor prognosis?
Emotional numbing
66
The global assessment of functioning forms which axis in the DSM-V?
Five
67
What % of non-schizophrenic patients exhibit first rank symptoms of schizophrenia?
10-20%
68
What % of patients with schizophrenia present with at least 1 first rank symptom?
58%
69
Minimum symptom duration in ICD-11 to make diagnosis of schizophrenia
1 month
70
ASD typically becomes evident at what age?
Less than 2 years old
71
What is the time frame for acute and transient psychotic disorder?
Acute onset of a clear psychotic state from a non-psychotic state within a period of 2 weeks
72
How long does acute and transient psychotic disorder last?
3 months
73
What has happened to subtypes of schizophrenia in ICD-11?
They have been eliminated due to lack of predictive validity or utility in treatment
74
How does acute stress disorder differ from PTSD?
Acute stress disorder is similar to PTSD in that symptoms are similar but acute stress disorder generally resolves after 4 weeks
75
What treatment may be trialled in cyclothymia?
Mood stabiliser
76
Is narcissistic personality disorder included in ICD?
No only in DSM-V
77
Where in the world is this diagnosis mainly made?
North America
78
Who is often referred to as the founding father of neuropsychiatry?
Wilheim Griesinger
79
Poor prognostic factors in schizophrenia
```
Male
Insidious onset
Young onset
Enlarged ventricles
Negative symptoms (not mood symptoms, these are a positive factor)
```
80
What are some organic causes of catatonia?
- Post-encephalitis states
- Parkinsonism
- Seizures
- Bilateral globus pallidus disease
- Lesions of the thalamus or parietal lobe
- Frontal lobe disease
- General paresis
- CO poisoning
81
What adverse drug effect can catatonia occur as a result of?
Neuroleptic medication or phencyclidine
82
Who coined the term schizophrenia?
Bleuler
83
Who was associated with hierarchical organisation?
Jaspers
84
5As in alzheimer's dementia
Amnesia - impaired ability to learn new information
Aphasia - problems with langue
Agnosia - failure of recognition
Apraxia - inability to carry out purposeful movements
Associated disturbance - behavioural changes, delusions, hallucinations
85
When do emotional and personailty changes occur in vascular dementia?
Early followed by cognitive deficits that are often fluctuating in severity
86
When would you give diagnosis of Parkinson's disease dementia?
If Parkinsonian symptoms have existed for more than 12 months before dementia develops
87
WHat diagnosis would you give if motor symptoms and cognitive symptoms develop within 12 months?
Lewy body dementia
88
What % of people with schizophrenia never exhibit a first rank symptom?
20%
89
Features of schizotypal disorder
Eccentric manners, social withdrawal, magical thinking, suspiciousness, suspiciousness and obsessive ruminations without resistance
90
How long must symptoms be present for in schizotypal disorder to diagnose?
2 years without a diagnosis of schizophrenia
91
In which group of people is schizotypal disorder more common in?
First degree relatives of schizophrenics
92
What happens to the risk of schizophrenia in family of people with schizotypal disorder?
Their risk is increased for developing schizophrenia
93
Where is induced delusional disorder classified in ICD-10?
F24
94
Which group is schizoaffective disorder classified with in ICD10?
F20 - psychoses
95
What is bouffee delirante?
Psychosis of sudden onset
Clouded consciousness with absence of physical signs
Rapid return to premorbid level of functioning
96
What did Langfeldt describe?
Process schizophrenia - 2 groups of psychoses 1- a group with poor prognosis labelled genuine and group with good prognosis labelled schizophreniform
97
What did Leonhard describe?
Cycloid psychoses
98
According to ICD-10 when can diagnosis of recurrent major depressive disorder be given?
If there has been at least one previous major depressive episode separated by the current episode by at least 2 months
99
What does ICD-10 need to satisfy before diagnosis of bipolar can be given?
Needs to have been at least 2 episodes with complete recovery in between the episodes
100
How long must the mania be present for?
7 days (less if hospitalised)
101
How many days must hypomania be present for?
4 days
102
What is rapid cycling?
at least 4 episodes of bipolar disorder occur within a period of 1 year
103
What % of rapid cyclers are women?
70-80%
104
What are some of the factors associated with rapid cycling?
- Use of TCA
- Low thyroxine
- Female
- Bipolar II
- Presence of neurological disease
105
What is secondary mania?
Can occur as a result of misuse of alcohol or illicit drugs and can also occur with some prescribed drugs such as levodopa and corticosteroids
106
What is dysthymia?
Chronic, mildly depressed mood and diminished enjoyment not severe enough to be considered a depressive illness
107
What is cyclothymia?
Oscillating high and low moods without ever having a significant manic or depressive episode
108
When can you diagnose SAD?
3 or more affective episodes must occur with onset in the same 90 day period of the year for 3 or more consecutive years
Remissions should occur within a defined 90 day period of the year
109
When would a panic disorder be graded as severe?
More than 4 attacks per week in a 4 week period
110
How long does a typical grief reaction last?
12 months with average duration of 6 months
111
4 phases of grief?
Phase I - shock and protest
Phase II - preoccupation
Phase III - disorganisation
Phase IV - resolution
112
Mild LD IQ
50-69
113
Moderate LD IQ
35-49
114
Severe LD IQ
20-34
115
Profound LD IQ
<20
116
What is Heller's syndrome?
Childhood disintegrative disorder whic is said to resemble dementia
117
What is Landau-Kleffner syndrome also called?
Acquired aphasia with epilepsy
118
What is Landau-Kleffner syndrome?
Despite previous normal progress in language development, loses both receptive and expressive language skills but retains intelligence
Temporal lobe epilepsy on EEG
