Classification and evoloution

Question 1

Classification definition?

Answer 1

Process in which living organisms are organised into groups

Question 2

Taxonomy definition?

Answer 2

Is the grouping of the organisms

Question 3

What are the taxonomic groups?

Answer 3

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 4

What is the taxonomic group added above Kingdom?

Answer 4

Domain (Archea, bacteria and Eukarya)

Question 5

Why do scientists classify organisms?

Answer 5

To identify species
To predict characteristics
To find evolutionary links

Question 6

Species definition?

Answer 6

A group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring

Question 7

Why horses and donkeys a separate species?

Answer 7

When they breed together they produce a mule which is infertile

Question 8

Why aren’t mules classified as a species?

Answer 8

Because they are infertile

Question 9

What does the generic name show?

Answer 9

The organisms genus, shared by close relatives

Question 10

What does the specific name show?

Answer 10

The organisms species

Question 11

What is the binomial nomenclature?

Answer 11

System developed so all scientists talking about same organisms

Question 12

What is the scientific name?

Answer 12

Written in italics (underlined), generic then specific name (lower case)

Question 13

What are the 5 kingdoms?

Answer 13

Prokaryotae
Protoctisa
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 14

Example of a prokaryotae?

Answer 14

Bacteria

Question 15

Example of protoctitsa?

Answer 15

Unicellular eukaryotes

Question 16

Features of Prokaryotae?

Answer 16

Unicellular
No nucleus or other membrane bound organelles
Have a ring of naked DNA, and small ribosomes
No visible feeding mechanisms

Question 17

Protoctista features?

Answer 17

Mainly unicellular
Have a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
Some have chloroplasts
Food acquired by photosynthesis, ingestion of other organism or are parasites

Question 18

Fungi features?

Answer 18

Uni or multi cellular
Have nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, and a cell wall made of chitin
No chloroplasts
Body made up of mycelium or threads of hyphae
Saprothropic feeders

Question 19

Plantae features?

Answer 19

Multicellular
Nucleus, chloroplast, cell wall made of cellulose
Store food as starch
Nutrients acquired by photosynthesis

Question 20

Animalia features?

Answer 20

Multi cellular
Have nucleus, and other membrane bound organelles, but no cell walls
No chloroplast
Move with cillia
Food stored as glycogen
Nutrients acquired by ingestion

Question 21

Eukarya domain features?

Answer 21

80 s ribosomes

RNA polymerase responsible for most mRNA transcription contains 12 proteins

Question 22

Archaea domain features?

Answer 22

70s ribosomes

RNA polymerase contains between 8 and 10 proteins

Question 23

Bacteria domain features?

Answer 23

70s ribosomes

RNA polymerase contains 5 proteins

Question 24

How do the domains add another kingdom?

Answer 24

Splits bacteria into Eubacteria and Archae-bacteria, as they have different chemical makeup, eg. Eubacteria have peptidoglycan walls and archae bacteria dont

Question 25

Archaebacteria features?

Answer 25

Ancient bacteria, can live in extreme conditions

Question 26

Eubacteria features?

Answer 26

Common bacteria

Question 27

What is Pyhlogeny?

Answer 27

Name given to the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 28

What's a phylogenetic tree?

Answer 28

Diagram used to represent the evolutionary relationships between organisms

Question 29

Common ancestor meaning?

Answer 29

means all the species being talked about evolved from same species

Question 30

What are sister groups?

Answer 30

When 2 groups split from the same node

Question 31

Advantages of phylogenetic classification over taxonomic groupings?

Answer 31

Phylogeny can be done without use of classification, whereas classification relies on phlyogeny as it only looks at characteristics Phylogeny produces flowing tree, whereas taxonomical groups are discrete.

Question 32

Evidence of evolution?

Answer 32

Paleontology, the study of fossils and the fossil record Comparative anatomy Comparative biochemistry

Question 33

How does the fossil record provide evidence of evolution?

Answer 33

Simplest organisms found in oldest rocks, and most complex organisms found in youngest rocks

Question 34

What's a homologous structure?

Answer 34

Structures which appears superficially different in different organisms but has same underlying structure, eg limbs of mammals, showing that we have all evolved from a common ancestor

Question 35

What's divergent evolution?

Answer 35

Describes how from a common ancestor different species have evolved

Question 36

Definition of comparative biochemistry?

Answer 36

The study of similarities and differences in the proteins and other molecules that control life processes