Structures and functions in living organisms

Question 1

What are the characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduce
Excrete
Nutrition
Control internal conditions

Question 2

What does a animal cell contain?

Answer 2

Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cytoplasum

Question 3

What does a plant cell contain?

Answer 3

Nucleus
Cell wall
Vacuole 
Chloroplast
Cytoplasum
Cell membrane

Question 4

Features of the nucleus?

Answer 4

Contains genetic material

Surrounded by it’s own membrane

Question 5

Features of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

Outer surface of cell and controls what goes in and out

Question 6

Features of cytoplasum?

Answer 6

Most chemicals reactions take place in it, due to lots of enzymes

Question 7

Features of chlorophyll?

Answer 7

Contains chloroplasts which allow photosynthesis, makes food

Question 8

Features of a cell wall?

Answer 8

structure made of cellulose, supports the cell

Question 9

Features of a vacuole?

Answer 9

Contains cell sap, and supports cell

Question 10

What do cells do?

Answer 10

Carry out a particular function

Question 11

What’s a tissue?

Answer 11

Group of similar cells carrying out a particular function

Question 12

What’s a organ?

Answer 12

Group of tissues working together to perform a function

Question 13

What’s a organ system?

Answer 13

Group of organs working together to perform a function

Question 14

Features of plants?

cell type, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they store carbohydrates

Answer 14

Multicellular
Can photosynthesise
Have cell walls made of cellulose
Store carbohydrates as sucrose or starch

Question 15

Types of flowering plants?

Answer 15

Maize

Peas and beans

Question 16

Features of animals?

cell type, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they move, how they store carbohydrates

Answer 16

Multicellular
Can't photosynthesise
No cell walls 
Have nervous co-ordination
Can move
Store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 17

Types of animals?

Answer 17

Humans
Houseflies
Mosquitos

Question 18

Features of fungi?
(cell type, what bodies made out of, if they can photosynthesise, What are cell walls made of, how they eat, how they store carbohydrates)

Answer 18

Single celled
Body called mycelium made of hyphae
Can't photosynthesise
Cell walls made of chitin
Feed by saprotrophic nutrition
Store carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 19

Features of a protoctist?

Answer 19

Single celled and microscopic

Some have chloroplast

Question 20

Examples of protoctits?

Answer 20

Chorella

Amoeba

Question 21

Features of bacteria?

cell type, type of chromosome of DNA, can they photosynthesise, how they eat

Answer 21

Single celled and microscopic
No nucleus
Have circular chromosome of DNA
Can photosynthesise
Feed of other organisms

Question 22

Type of bacteria?

Answer 22

Lactobacillus bulgaricus

Pneumoccus

Question 23

Features of viruses?

(are they a cell, how they reproduce, what do they infect, what does there protein coat surround

Answer 23

Particles instead of cells
Can only reproduce inside other living cells, so parasites
Infect all organisms
Protein coat around RNA,or DNA

Question 24

Types of viruses?

Answer 24

Influenza virus
Tobbacco mosaic virus
HIV

Question 25

What's a pathogen?

Answer 25

An organism which causes disease

Question 26

What's an enzyme?

Answer 26

Catalyst produced by a living thing

Question 27

What's a catalyst?

Answer 27

Substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up

Question 28

What's the enzyme lock and key model?

Answer 28

Substrate fits into a certain enzyme, products are created and enzyme is unchanged

Question 29

What happens if you heat up enzymes?

Answer 29

Collision rate increases so faster reactions, but too high will permanently denature the enzymes decreasing reaction time

Question 30

Experiments to investigate the effect of temperature on enzymes

Answer 30

The enzyme catalase catalyses the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen The enzyme amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch to maltose

Question 31

What other factor effects enzymes other than temperature?

Answer 31

PH

Question 32

What's diffusion?

Answer 32

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low

Question 33

What does a cell membrane do?

Answer 33

Only allows smaller molecules to go through it, not bigger ones

Question 34

What's osmosis?

Answer 34

The net movement of water molecules from a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low

Question 35

What supports a plant?

Answer 35

Turgid cells

Question 36

What creates the turgid cells?

Answer 36

Turgor pressure

Question 37

Why don't plants completely lose their shape when the cells are flaccid?

Answer 37

Inelastic cell wall

Question 38

Experiment for diffusion in non living system?

Answer 38

Make pink phenolphthalein and sodium hydroxide cubes, put them in hydrochloric acid, watch as it diffuses into the cubes neutralising it and turning them colourless.

Question 39

Experiment for investigating osmosis in living/ non living systems?

Answer 39

Potato cyclinders- placed in water with different sugar concentrations, To see if they shrink or grow Visking tube

Question 40

What's active transport?

Answer 40

The movement of particles against a concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration

Question 41

3 Main factors which influence affect the movement of substances?

Answer 41

Surface area to volume ratio (more surface area= faster) Temperature Concentration gradient