Classification of Antivirals

Question 1

Act by blocking H+ channel formed by viral M2 protein (ion channel) inhibiting the uncoating process.

Answer 1

Uncoating Inhibitors

Question 2

Drug/s under Uncoating Inhibitors

Answer 2

1. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
2. Rimantadine (Flumadine)

Question 3

This is effective only for Influenza A Virus. It has low therapeutic value and is indicated for prophylaxis.

Answer 3

1. Amantadine (Symmetrel)
2. Rimantadine (Flumadine)

Question 4

Two (2) Classifications of Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 4

1. DNA Polymerase Inhibitors
2. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Question 5

Three (3) Types of DNA Polymerase Inhibitors

Answer 5

1. Purine Analogs
2. Pyrimidine Analogs
3. Non-Nucleoside

Question 6

Drug/s under Purine Analogs

Answer 6

1. Vidarabine (Vira-A)
2. Acyclovir (Zovirax)
3. Valacyclovir (Valtrex)
4. Ganciclovir (Cytovene)

Question 7

An adenosine analog, and is obtained by fermentation with strains of Streptomyces antibioticus.

Answer 7

Vidarabine (Vira-A)

Question 8

An acyclic guanosine derivative. Uninfected cells are not affected by the drug.

Answer 8

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Question 9

The L-valyl ester of acyclovir. It is rapidly converted to acyclovir after oral administration, achieving serum levels three to five times greater than those achieved with oral acyclovir. Treatment of herpes zoster (shingles).

Answer 9

Valacyclovir (Valtrex)

Question 10

An acyclic guanosine analog. Against CMV is up to 100 times greater than that of acyclovir.

Answer 10

Ganciclovir (Cytovene)

Question 11

Drug/s under Pyrimidine Analogs

Answer 11

1. Idoxuridine (Stoxil, Herplex)
2. Cytarabine (Ara C, Tarabine)
3. Trifluridine (Viroptic)

Question 12

The iodinated analog of thymidine that inhibits replication of several DNA viruses in vitro. Inhibits replication of several DNA viruses.

Answer 12

Idoxuridine (Stoxil, Herplex)

Question 13

A pyrimidine nucleoside drug that is related to idoxuridine. Tx of herpes zoster (shingles), herpatic keratitis and viral infections resistant to idoxuridine.

Answer 13

Cytarabine (Ara C, Tarabine)

Question 14

A fluorinated pyrimidine nucleoside. It inhibits Viral DNA Synthesis.

Answer 14

Trifluridine (Viroptic)

Question 15

Drug/s under Non-Nucleoside

Answer 15

1. Foscarnet (Foscavir)
2. Cidofovir (Vistide)

Question 16

An inorganic pyrophosphate compound. Inhibit viral DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and HIV reverse transcriptase directly, without activation by phosphorylation.

Answer 16

Foscarnet (Foscavir)

Question 17

A phosphonic acid derivative. Inhibitor of DNA Polymerase of CMV. It possesses high therapeutic index against CMV and has been approved for treating CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS.

Answer 17

Cidofovir (Vistide)

Question 18

Two (2) Types of Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Answer 18

1. Nucleoside Analogs
2. Non-Nucleoside Analogs

Question 19

Drug/s under Nucleoside Analogs

Answer 19

1. Zidovudine (Retrovir)
2. Didanosine (Videx)
3. Zalcitabine
4. Stavudine
5. Lamivudine
6. Ribavirin

Question 20

A thymidine analog (also known as AZT). A chain terminator. It decrease the rate of clinical disease progression and prolong survival.

Answer 20

Zidovudine (Retrovir)

Question 21

A synthetic analog of adenosine. It acts synergistically with AZT.

Answer 21

Didanosine (Videx)

Question 22

A cytosine analog. Anti-HIV-1 and 2 including strains resistant to AZT.

Answer 22

Zalcitabine

Question 23

This is the active metabolite of Zalcitabine.

Answer 23

Dideoxycytidine-5’-Triphosphate (ddCTP)

Question 24

A thymidine analog (d4T). It is not used with AZT because AZT may reduce the phosphorylation of d4T.

Answer 24

Stavudine

Question 25

Against HIV-1, synergistic with the variety of antiretroviral nucleoside analogs, including zidovudine and stavudine. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection.

Answer 25

Lamivudine

Question 26

To interfere with the synthesis of guanosine triphosphate, to inhibit capping of viral messenger RNA, and to inhibit the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of certain viruses.

Answer 26

Ribavirin

Question 27

Drug/s under Non-Nucleoside Analogs

Answer 27

1. Nevirapine (Viramune) 2. Delavirdine (Rescriptor) 3. Efavirenz (Sustiva)

Question 28

Bind directly to the site on the viral reverse transcriptase that is near to but distinct from the binding site of the NRTIs. Neither compete with nucleoside triphosphates nor require phosphorylation to be active.

Answer 28

Non-Nucleoside Analogs

Question 29

Drug/s under Viral Entry and Fusion Inhibitors

Answer 29

1. Enfuvirtide SQ 2. Maraviroc 3. Docosanol 10% Cream

Question 30

A fusion / attachment inhibitor. It binds to the gp41 subunit of the viral envelope glycoprotein preventing the conformational changes required for the fusion of the viral and cellular membranes.

Answer 30

Enfuvirtide SQ