classification of skills, practice structures, guidance, feedback and goal setting

Question 1

what is a skill

Answer 1

a learned ability to bring about the result you want, with maximum certainty and efficiency

Question 1

what is a closed skill

Answer 1

take place in a stable environment, not affected by the environment, movements follow set patterns with a clear start and finish and they tend to be self paced

Question 2

3 examples of closed skills

Answer 2

penalty in football
forward roll
throwing a javelin

Question 3

what is an open skill

Answer 3

takes place in a changing environment and the player has to adapt to surroundings, often in a competitive situation

Question 4

3 examples of open skills

Answer 4

rugby tackle
sailing a boat
saving a goal

Question 5

what is a basic skill

Answer 5

one that is easy and requires little concentration

Question 6

3 examples of basic skills

Answer 6

running 100m
cycling
throwing a ball

Question 7

what is a complex skill

Answer 7

a skills that requires complete attention and concentration as they’re technically difficult and need to be practised over and over

Question 8

3 examples of complex skills

Answer 8

performing a vault
sailing
serving in tennis

Question 9

what is a low organisation skill

Answer 9

a skill with clear, simple parts that can be easily broken down and practised separately

Question 10

3 examples of low organisation skills

Answer 10

tennis serve
dance routine
breast stroke

Question 11

what is a high organisation skill

Answer 11

a skill that has lots of complicated phrases or parts which cannot be broken down or practised separately as they are closely linked together

Question 12

3 examples of high organisation skills

Answer 12

somersault
golf swing
cycling

Question 13

what is a practice structure

Answer 13

something that needs to be planned based on skill, ability, fitness, experience and ability
practice depends on skills developed, age, ability and session objectives

Question 14

explain a fixed practice structure

Answer 14

the same skill practised repeatedly in the same way, over and over, until perfect
often used for drills, closed skills, new skills and less experienced players

Question 15

when would you use a fixed structure

Answer 15

serve in tennis
golf swing
penalty kick

Question 16

what is a variable practice structure

Answer 16

when a skill is practised in a variety of situations, allowing adaptation to suit different unpredictable and changing conditions
often used with open skills, competitive games, conditioned games and more experienced players

Question 17

when would you use a variable structure

Answer 17

hockey tackle
dodging in netball
invasion games

Question 18

what is a massed practice structure

Answer 18

when a skill is repeated continuously over long periods of time without any breaks
often used with low organisation skills, basic skills, and more experienced players in order to improve fitness and hone technique

Question 19

when would you use massed practice

Answer 19

running
swimming
cycling

Question 20

what is distributed practice structure

Answer 20

when a skill is practised with breaks to allow for feedback, rest or mental rehearsal
often used with new skills, complex skills and less motivated players

Question 21

what is visual guidance

Answer 21

when you are shown a demonstration with visual aids
used for beginners / inexperienced players

Question 22

advantages of visual guidance

Answer 22

you can copy the movement
can be done in groups - multiple people can see it in one go so no need for repetition

Question 23

disadvantages of visual guidance

Answer 23

if the demo is poor / inaccurate, it could result in it being learnt and performed incorrectly
time consuming / expensive if using videos

Question 24

what is verbal guidance

Answer 24

when it is explained in words, to emphasise specific points and how it should feel used for high level performers

Question 25

advantages of verbal guidance

Answer 25

instructions can be given quickly and in detail can explain the why and how can be used during performance no equipment needed

Question 26

disadvantages of verbal guidance

Answer 26

some movements are difficult to explain, especially for beginners relies upon coaches communication skills being good

Question 27

what is manual guidance

Answer 27

when you get moved into the correct position to feel how the movement should be done used for beginners

Question 28

advantages of manual guidance

Answer 28

performers can get a feel for the movement builds confidence can help break it down into phases

Question 29

disadvantages of manual guidance

Answer 29

feeling it is not the same as doing it unaided incorrect feel can lead to doing it wrong can only be used 1:1 performers can become reliant on it difficult in big groups

Question 30

what is mechanical guidance

Answer 30

when you use equipment to perform a skill

Question 31

advantages of mechanical guidance

Answer 31

performers can get a feel for the movement builds confidence reduces danger

Question 32

disadvantages of mechanical guidance

Answer 32

feeling it is not the same as doing it unaided incorrect feel can lead to doing it wrong can only be used 1:1 performers can become reliant on it difficult in big groups can be expensive

Question 33

what do coaching methods depend on

Answer 33

personality and learning style specific skill / sport facilities available

Question 34

what is intrinsic feedback

Answer 34

feedback that comes from the performer as they think about how they performed or what they contributed can affect motivation so it is important that they think they performed well and do it again best suited to experienced players as a novice won't have the knowledge needed in comparison to the coach

Question 35

what is extrinsic feedback

Answer 35

comes from an outside source e.g coach, teammates or friends important as it will motivate them to improve and continue best suited to beginners / novices

Question 36

what is concurrent feedback

Answer 36

given during performance e.g coach on sidelines feedback can be acted on immediately

Question 37

what is terminal feedback

Answer 37

feedback given at the end of a game / performance benefit of being more reflective and can give an overview

Question 38

what is quantitative data

Answer 38

data measure in amounts often set out in charts, graphs or tables e.g number of successful and unsuccessful netball shots

Question 39

what is qualitative data

Answer 39

looking at people's opinions or how they feel

Question 40

what is an ability

Answer 40

something seen as natural or inherited

Question 41

what does the 'S' stand for in goal setting

Answer 41

specific goal has to be clear, focused on one area and is sport and position specific

Question 42

what does the 'M' stand for in goal setting

Answer 42

measurable a way of checking to see if you have improved and if you are getting closer to your goals which is motivating to see

Question 43

what does the 'A' stand for in goal setting

Answer 43

achievable is the goal within the performers capability as if it isn't then it may be demotivating

Question 44

what does the 'R' stand for in goal setting

Answer 44

realistic can you achieve it in a given time frame and do you have the resources available

Question 45

what does the 'T' stand for in goal setting

Answer 45

time bound do you have enough time and a cutoff point for your goal

Question 46

what is a quantifiable outcome

Answer 46

an outcome that has a number to it