CLD writing

Question 1

Grapheme

Answer 1

The letter or blend of letters that represent a sound eg ch th s

Question 2

Phoneme

Answer 2

The sound of a letter or the blend of letters within a word

Question 3

Fine motor skills

Answer 3

Physical abilities involving small body movements such as drawing and holding a pencil

Question 4

5 stages of development

Answer 4

1. pre-verbal stage (crying,cooing)
2. Holophrastic stage (whole sentences as 1 word)
3. two word stage ( whole sentences as 2 words)
4. telegraphic stage (non grammatically correct sentences)
5. post- telegraphic (adult like)

Question 5

Behaviourism- Skinner

Answer 5

behaviour is a result of conditioning
learn through imitation and operant conditioning (positive and negative)

Question 6

Nativism- Chomsky

Answer 6

(LAD) humans naturally programmed to learn language
virtuous errors- attempting to apply rules e.g ‘i swimmed’

Question 7

criticisms of Nativists

Answer 7

Genie-
18 months- 13 yrs old
strapped to a child’s toilet and no interactions
did not acquire language during childhood (critical period)
eventually learnt basic level of language

Question 8

Jean Piaget

Answer 8

cognitive development
children do not develop until particular stages of development:
1. sensorimotor (0-2) - egocentric and object permanence
2. pre- operational (2-7)- child learns to speak and imaginative focus
3. concrete operational (7-12)- stops being egocentric and understand others points of view
4. formal operational (11-16+)- no problem with logical thought and thinking becomes abstract

Question 9

Jerome Bruner

Answer 9

rejected Chomsky
(LASS)- importance of caregiver
adults scaffold development
focuses on caregiver input

Question 10

Vygotsky

Answer 10

More Knowledgeable other
can direct child to zone of proximal development

Question 11

Tomasello

Answer 11

rejected chomsky
usage based model
children learn different functions of single words

Question 12

the creative approach

Answer 12

allowed to experiment creatively using trial and error
by not focusing on accuracy children are less afriad to make mistakes
raises enjoyment and self esteem

Question 13

rule based approach

Answer 13

when a child understand the conventions of writing progress will be more rapid

Question 14

Jon Abbott

Answer 14

metaphor of free range chickens versus battery hens
more creative learners will thrive

Question 15

two types of approaches to acquiring literacy skills

Answer 15

linear model
functional aproach

Question 16

linear model

Answer 16

identifiable sequence
reading-writing-spelling-genre awareness

Question 17

functional aproach

Answer 17

children learn writing before being able to do it by seeing written modes
writing and reading learned simultaneously

Question 18

arguments for creative approach

Answer 18

more to intelligence than academic ability
increases self esteem which encourages writing

Question 19

arguments for rule based

Answer 19

pressure on curriculum has narrowed creativity

Question 20

Britton

Answer 20

writing fullfills 3 purposes:
build relationships with teachers
aid lerning by organising knowledge
categorising and exploring own experiences

Question 21

Britton continued

Answer 21

3 kinds of writing:
expressive- about self
poetic- poems and stories
transactional- writing for purpose

Question 22

rothery

Answer 22

early writing falls into 4 categories:
observation
recount (chronological)
report (factual)
narrative (stories)

Question 23

Barry Kroll

Answer 23

4 stages of writing:
preparation (<6)- basic fine motor skills
consolodation (7/8)- writing similar to speech
differentiation (9/10)- writing seperate to speech
integration- ‘personal voice controlled writing

Question 24

Kathy Barclay

Answer 24

7 stages of writing:
scribbling
mock handwriting
mock letters
conventional letters
invented spelling
approximated or phonetic spelling
conventional spelling

Question 25

Gentry

Answer 25

5 stages of spelling:
pre communicative- scribbling
semi phonetic-link letter shapes and sounds
phonetic- phonemes can be represented by graphemes
transitional- combinations of letters and letter patterns
conventional- spell most words correctly