Clin Path Midterm - PPTs

Question 1

What are the 3 conditions where IV and EV hemolysis occur concurrently?

Answer 1

Parasites
heinz bodies
RBCs with Abs

Question 2

What are the 3 hemoglobulinopathies?

Answer 2

Sickle cell disease
Thalassemia (absence of parts of hemoglobin)
Anemia - impaired flexibility

Question 3

Which breed can get a inherited deficiency of phosphofructokinase?

Answer 3

english springer spaniels

Question 4

What breeds get a PK deficiency?

Answer 4

Basenji, beagles, cairn terriers

Question 5

What type of PK causes less intravascular survival of RBCs?

Answer 5

R-type PK

Question 6

What causes the problems associated with congenital erythropoietic porphyria?

Answer 6

inadequate Hb is produced

Question 7

What are the symptoms of congenital erythropoietic porphyria?

Answer 7

photosensitization, pink tooth, anemia

Question 8

What breeds get congenital erythropoietic porphyria?

Answer 8

holstein, shorthorn

Question 9

Is IMHA in dogs mostly extravascular or intravascular?

Answer 9

extravascular

Question 10

What are the causes of secondary IMHA?

Answer 10

Drugs (penicillin and sulfa)
infection
neoplasia - hemangiosarcoma
transfusion reaction

Question 11

Is immune mediated thrombocytopenia IV or EV?

Answer 11

extravascular

Question 12

What are the causes of inappropriate RBC regeneration?

Answer 12

Lead poisoning
myeloproliferative dz
BM toxicity
Chronic hypoxia in animals with CHF

Question 13

What is a major cross match?

Answer 13

recipient serum + donor RBCS

Question 14

What is a minor cross match

Answer 14

donor serum + recipient RBCs

Question 15

What are the life spans of transfused RBCs in domestic animals?

Answer 15

Cats - 5 weeks
Dogs - 3 weeks
Horses - 1 week
cattle - several days

Question 16

What chemical should be added to transfused blood?

Answer 16

acid citrate dextrose

Question 17

What are febrile, non hemolytic, transfusion rxns caused by?

Answer 17

WBC

Question 18

What are the most immunogenic horse blood groups?

Answer 18

A and Q

Question 19

What is the most immunogenic cow blood group?

Answer 19

J

Question 20

What are the most immunogenic dog blood groups?

Answer 20

1.1 and 1.2

Question 21

What happens when type A blood of cat is transfused to type B cat?

Answer 21

acute severe transfusion reaction

Question 22

What happens when type B blood is transferred into type A cat?

Answer 22

rapid removal of RBCs

Question 23

What anticoagulant is used for PTT and PT?

Answer 23

sodium citrate

Question 24

What additive for platelet counts?

Answer 24

EDTA

Question 25

What hemostasis tests need blood from plain red tubes?

Answer 25

CT, ACT, CRT

Question 26

What may a prolonged BMBT (BT) mean?

Answer 26

vascular or platelet quantity or quality vWFD purpura hemorrhagica

Question 27

What does a clot lysis before 24 hours mean?

Answer 27

excess of fibrin degradation products (excess plasmin)

Question 28

Platelets less than 30 means?

Answer 28

immune mediated thrombocytopenia

Question 29

Platelets 50 to 90 means?

Answer 29

DIC

Question 30

What coagulation test measures extrinsic pathway?

Answer 30

PT

Question 31

What pathways does APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time) measure?

Answer 31

time it takes to form clot - intrinsic and common pathways

Question 32

What test should be performed with APTT?

Answer 32

OSPT

Question 33

What test is more sensitive, ACT or CT or PTT?

Answer 33

PTT>ACT>CT

Question 34

What does CT (coagulation time) measure?

Answer 34

tube break - fibrin strand

Question 35

What pathways does ACT (activated coagulation time)measure?

Answer 35

intrinsic and common

Question 36

What can mess up the ACT test?

Answer 36

severe thrombocytopenia

Question 37

What are the other names for PT test?

Answer 37

OSPT

Question 38

What are other names for PTT test?

Answer 38

APTT, aPTT

Question 39

What pathways does OSPT measure?

Answer 39

extrinsic and common

Question 40

What does prolonged PIVKA indicate?

Answer 40

warfarin

Question 41

What is more sensitive? PT or PIVKA?

Answer 41

PT

Question 42

What is the best test indicator for DIC?

Answer 42

D-dimers

Question 43

What disease is a horse with bleeding, low PCV, but coagulation tests are WRI?

Answer 43

purpura hemorrhagica

Question 44

What are causes of prolonged TCT (thrombin clotting time)?

Answer 44

hypofibrinogenemia | dysfunction of fibrinogen

Question 45

What does monoclonal gammopathy indicate?

Answer 45

multiple myeloma, take bone marrow aspirate

Question 46

What should be seen when you put bone marrow on slide?

Answer 46

yellow floccules and blood

Question 47

What should be examined in BM aspirate at 10x?

Answer 47

cellularity

Question 48

What should be examined in BM aspirate at 40x?

Answer 48

proportions of percursor cells

Question 49

What should be examined in BM aspirate at 100 X?

Answer 49

precursor lines, morphology, G/E ratio

Question 50

What does a High G/normal E ratio mean?

Answer 50

inflammation

Question 51

What does a normal G/low E ratio mean?

Answer 51

non-regenerative anemia

Question 52

What does a small G/normal E ratio mean?

Answer 52

Leukopenia

Question 53

What does Normal G/high E ratio mean?

Answer 53

anemia with regeneration

Question 54

Which species have large granulocyte bone marrow storage pools?

Answer 54

dogs and cats

Question 55

Which species have small granulocyte bone marrow storage pools?

Answer 55

horses and ruminants

Question 56

What characterizes per acute inflammation leukogram?

Answer 56

leukopenia, neutropenia --> sepsis

Question 57

What is a leukemoid reaction?

Answer 57

severe leukocytosis (50 to 100) that resembles leukemia

Question 58

What can cause leukemoid reaction?

Answer 58

pyometra, chronic active peritonitis, H. canis, IMHA, neoplasms w/ necrosis

Question 59

Which species get Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

Answer 59

cows, persian cats

Question 60

What are the characteristics of reactive lymphocytes?

Answer 60

bigger, less dense, basophilic, (AKA immunocytes)

Question 61

What characterizes typical inflammatory leukogram?

Answer 61

leukocytosis, left shift, neutrophilia

Question 62

What characterizes typical stress leukogram?

Answer 62

lymphopenia

Question 63

What characterizes excitement response leukogram?

Answer 63

leukocytosis, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, no left shift

Question 64

What are the causes of MPD?

Answer 64

viral, drugs, chemicals, radiation

Question 65

What characterizes acute MPD?

Answer 65

30% or more blast cells in bone marrow

Question 66

What characterizes chronic MPD?

Answer 66

predominance of mature cells in BM

Question 67

What species get myelomonocytic sarcoma most commonly?

Answer 67

dogs

Question 68

What characterizes myelomonocytic sarcoma?

Answer 68

very high WBC count and blood smears with mature and blast cells

Question 69

What are the frequent CBC changes in MPD?

Answer 69

non regenerative anemia leukocytosis blast cells in blood thrompocytopenia

Question 70

What is a frequent blood change in MDS?

Answer 70

peripheral blood cytopenias

Question 71

How is acute MPD different than MDS?

Answer 71

blast cell in acute MPD is greater than 30%

Question 72

How is chronic MPD different than MDS?

Answer 72

in chronic MPD - leukocytosis is prominant

Question 73

What is multiple myeloma?

Answer 73

cancer in plasma cells in BM

Question 74

What type of lymphoproliferative disorder do dogs get?

Answer 74

multicentric

Question 75

What type of lymphoproliferative disorders do cats get?

Answer 75

alimentary, thymic

Question 76

What type of lymphoproliferative disorders do cattle get?

Answer 76

viral enzootic bovine leukosis

Question 77

What is the malignant type of multiple myeloma?

Answer 77

plasma cell myeloma | benign - plasmacytomas

Question 78

What are the signs of multiple myeloma?

Answer 78

monoclonal gammopathy hypercalcemia bence jones proteinuria