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REPRO > CLINICAL > Flashcards

CLINICAL Flashcards

1
Q

what happens if preg women is rhesus negative? and why?

A

issues arise if child is rhesus positive and theirs enters womans blood

anti-D injection given

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2
Q

rhesus disease? aka

explain pathology

A

haemolytic disease

caused by antibody anti-D
happens when your blood group is D negative and baby’s is D positive

can cause

anaemia, jaundice, death - inuterine or post-delivery

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3
Q

risks assoicated with multiple preg? 4

A

miscarriage
fetal growth restrictiion
preterm birth
twin to twin tranfusion syndrome

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4
Q

T sign is what? seen in who?

A

seen in dichroionic twins
not seen in monochorionic twins

its tissue projecting into memebrane

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5
Q

trisomy 18?

A

edwards syndrome

rare genetic condition caused by additonal chormosome 18

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6
Q

creatinine level in preg women?

A

decrease

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7
Q

platelet count in preg?

A

falls

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8
Q

symphyseal fundal?

A

pubic symphysis to fundus using tape

and assessed on growth chart

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9
Q

fetal presentations ? 2

A

breech - bum down

vertex - head down

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10
Q

screening in antenatal for what? e/g - 3

A

infections - hep B, syphilis, HIV

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11
Q

first trimester screening carried out when?

A

10-14 weeks gestation

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12
Q

nuchal translucency explain?

A

measure fluid behind baby neck

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13
Q

why is measuring Nuchal translucency important?

A

size is related with abnormalities and incidence of chromosomal abnormalities

increase in NT size means increase in feotal trisomies

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14
Q

non- invasive pre-natal testing?

A

maternal blood taken

to detect foetal cell free DNA from the placenta

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15
Q

diagnostic CVS?

A

between 10-14 weeks

culturing of cells by needle

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16
Q

diagnostic amniocentesis?

A

15 weeks onwards

culturing of cells by needle

17
Q

screening for NTD means?

A

neural tube defect

to detect anencephaly and spina bifida - NTD variants

ultrasound - 2nd trimester

18
Q

ultrasound good for what and bad for what in 2nd trimester?

A

good screening test for major structural abnormalities BUT poor for chromosomal abnormalities - trisomies

19
Q

molar preganncy turn into what?

A

if not removed can turn malignant

20
Q

what is molar pregannacy?

A

form of pre-cancer of the placental trophoblast cell

21
Q

d and c?

A

A dilation and curettage procedure, also called a D&C, is a surgical procedure in which the cervix (lower, narrow part of the uterus) is dilated (expanded) so that the uterine lining (endometrium) can be scraped with a curette (spoon-shaped instrument) to remove abnormal tissues.

22
Q

tidal volume in preg?

A

decreased

23
Q

fetus to mother exchange of what? 3

A

CO2
UREA
OTHER WASTE PRODUCTS

24
Q

PLacental transfer of drugs is dependant on? 3

A

molecular weight of drug - size - smaller will cross

polarity of drug - uncharged will cross

lipid solubility of drug - lipid soluble ones will cross

25
Q

excretion of drug in fetus?

A

excretion into amniotic fluid - which is recycled back into fetus

26
Q

teratogenicity and fetotoxicity when?

A

T - first trimester

F -SECOND T

27
Q

IF giving toxic drug to women of child bearing age - what else must u do?

A

must also prescribe contraception and warn of preg risks

28
Q

second trimester is when?

A

13-26 weeks

29
Q

organogenesis is when?

A

3-8 weeks

30
Q

folate antagonism? e/g 2 drugs

A

folate - key for DNA fomring and new cells forming

affected by drugs - methotrexate, trimethoprim

result in NTD etc

31
Q

teratogenic drugs classifictaions? 6

A 
anticonvulsants - carbamazepine 
anticoagulants - warfarin 
antihypertensives - ACEi
NSAIDS 
alcohol 
retinoids - for acne
32
Q

relationship between drugs and lactation?

A

all drugs taken by mother will appear in breast milk

33
Q

principel to follwo when prescribing drugs during breast feeding mother?

A

REDUCES INFANT EXPOSURE - HIGH PROTEIN BOUND DRUG - so less free drug in blood - less half- life too

REPRO (4 decks)

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