Clinical Flashcards
(105 cards)
0
Q
Agency for developing precaution protocols for employees, in compliance with blood-borne pathogen standard
A
OSHA
1
Q
Agency recommends infection control protocol and researches how diseases are transmitted
A
CDC
2
Q
Sharps, blood, saliva
A
Biohazard
3
Q
Agent: Corrosive to metal, strong odor
A
Chlorine based compound
4
Q
Kills MOST pathogenic microbes, not spores. Broad spectrum.
A
Disinfection
5
Q
Agent: can discolor surfaces yellow
A
Iodophors
6
Q
Agent: may leave a film or residue on surfaces
A
Phenols
7
Q
Agent: not corrosive, lower kill spectrum
A
Quaternary Compounds
8
Q
Agent: should not be used as surface disinfectant. Toxic effects from fumes. Corrosive.
A
Glutaraldehydes
10
Q
Kills ALL pathogenic microbes including spores
A
Sterilization
11
Q
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
20mins
270F / 132C
20-40lbs psi
A
Chemical sterilization / unsaturated chemical vapor
12
Q
Bacillus atrophaes
60mins
320F / 160C
A
Dry/heat sterilization
13
Q
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
20-30mins
250F / 121C
15-30lbs psi
A
Steam sterilization/autoclave
14
Q
how often should spore testing be done
A
weekly and every time an implant is sterilized
15
Q
Angles occlusal - Class 1
A
Mesognathic - normal
16
Q
Angles occlusal - Class 2 Div 1
A
Retrognathic - retruded mandible/anteriors protruded facially
17
Q
Angles occlusal - Class 2 Div 2
A
Retrognathic - retruded mandible/anteriors inclined lingually
18
Q
Angles occlusal - Class 3
A
Prognathic - protruded mandible
19
Q
vertical overlap of max incisors to the mand incisors
A
overbite
20
Q
horizontal distance between the linguals of the max anterior incisors and the facials of the mand anterior incisors
A
overjet
21
Q
teeth not in occlusion between the max and mand arch
A
openbite
22
Q
max teeth positioned lingual to mand teeth
A
crossbite
23
Q
incisal edge to incisal edge of max and mand anterior teeth
A
edge to edge
24
Q
cusp to cusp of posterior teeth
A
end to end
25
Stages of plaque/biofilm formation (3)
acquired pellicle (glycoproteins), bacterial adhesion, bacterial colonization (matrix forms)
26
Plaque/biofilm location: nutrient source (2)
Supragingival - saliva
| Subgingival - crevicular fluid
27
Calculus location: nutrient source , color
Supragingival - saliva / white, yellow, gray
| Subgingival - crevicular fluid and inflammatory exudate / brown, green, black
28
Instrument - calculus detecting (3)
11/12, pigtail(posteriors), orban(anteriors)
29
Stain color - iron, ferric sulfide, gram+
black
30
Stain color - inhaling metallic dust (occupational)
blue-green
31
Stain color - poor OHI, dark beverages
brown
32
Stain color - tobacco
dark brown / black
33
Stain color - chromogenic bacteria, poor OHI, anterior cervical 3rds
orange
34
Stain color - CHX or stannous fluoride, (tin ion)
yellow-brown / brown
35
Stain color -chromogenic bacteria, fungi, gingival hemorrhage, poor OHI
green
36
Stain type - pupal necrosis, internal resorption, systemic fluoride, tetracycline use during tooth development
intrinsic / endogenous
| NOT removable
37
Stain type - food, beverages, tobacco
extrinsic / exogenous
| removable through instrumentation and polishing
38
Furcation Class 1
early bone loss; depression
39
Furcation Class 2
moderate bone loss; furcation, cannot pass between roots
40
Furcation Class 3
sever bone loss; can pass between roots
41
Furcation Class 4
sever bone loss; can pass between roots AND RECESSION
42
Instrument - furcation detection
Nabers
43
Mobility Class N
normal/none
44
Mobility Class 1
slight horizontal
45
Mobility Class 2
moderate horizontal >1mm, no vertical
46
Mobility Class 3
severe horizontal and vertical combined
47
pH - levels drop below __ for demineralization in 1) enamel and 2) cementum
enamel 4.5-5.5
| cementum 6.0-6.7
48
Acids produced in demineralization (3)
lactic, butyric, propionic
49
Acids characteristics in demineralization (2)
acidogenic - producing
| aciduric - tolerant
50
Remineralized areas areas are __ and ___ acid resistant than original enamel.
Remineralized areas areas are STRONGER and MORE acid resistant than original enamel.
51
Formed during remineralization
Fluorapatite
52
___ concentration of professionally applied fluoride is bacteri_____
High concentration fluoride is bactericidal (kills)
53
___ concentration of applied at home fluoride is bacteri_____
Low concentration fluoride is bacteriostatic (inhibits)
54
Fluoride therapy type - water, toothpaste, rinse, fluoride
Topical - post eruptive
55
Fluoride therapy type - water, supplements, food
Systemic - pre eruptive
56
Fluoride - community size versus cost
Larger community lower costs
| Smaller community higher costs
57
Fluoride levels - warm climate, cold climate
0. 7 ppm - warm climate
| 1. 2 ppm - cold climate
58
Organizations - who monitors community tap water; who monitors bottled water
tap - EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
| bottle - FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
59
Compounds used in fluoridated water (3)
sodium fluoride, sodium silicofluoride, hydrofluorosilicic acid
60
Fluoride - type used for rampant caries
NaFl - Sodium fluoride
61
Fluoride - type contraindicated for bulimic pts (2)
Stannous or APF
62
Fluoride - dosage & ppm for 6mo - under 3 yr olds
0.25mg/day and <0.3 ppm
63
Fluoride - dosage & ppm for 3-6 yr olds (2)
0. 5mg/day and <0.3 ppm
| 0. 25mg/day and 0.3-0.6 ppm
64
Fluoride - dosage & ppm for 6-16 yr olds (2)
1. 0mg/day and <0.3 ppm
| 0. 5mg/day and 0.3-0.6 ppm
65
Fluoride - type recommended for bulimic pts (2)
NaFl - Sodium fluoride, neutral sodium
66
Fluoride - Sodium fluoride Varnish % & ppm
5% & 22,600 ppm
67
Fluoride - type that causes discoloration at margins of tooth-colored restorations and with demineralization; has fluoride tin ion; unpleasant taste
Stannous fluoride
68
Fluoride - type contraindicated for tooth-colored restorations and porcelain
APF - Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride
69
Fluoride - Sodium fluoride Rinse % & ppm
0.05% & 225 ppm
70
Fluoride - Stannous fluoride Gel % & ppm; used for ___
0.4% & 1,000 ppm ; dentin hypersensitivity, caries control, plaque reduction
71
Fluoride - Neutral sodium Gel % & ppm; used for ___
1.1% & 5,000 ppm ; decalcification, restorations, pts who whiten, bulimics
72
Define - amount of drug likely to cause death if not intercepted by antidotal therapy
CLD - certainly lethal dose
73
Define - ¼ of CLD
STD - safely tolerated dose
74
Acute fluoride toxicity symptoms begin within ___ (time) of ingestion
30 minutes
75
Emergency tx of <5 mg/kg of fluoride ingested
Administer fluoride binding agent
76
Emergency tx of toxic dose >5 mg/kg of fluoride ingested
Induce vomiting, administer fluoride binding agent, seek medical tx
77
Emergency tx of lethal dose >15 mg/kg of fluoride ingested
Seek medical tx, induce vomiting, cardiac monitoring
78
GI symptoms of acute fluoride toxicity (6)
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, increased salivation and thirst
79
Systemic symptoms of acute fluoride toxicity (6)
hypocalcemia, hyperreflexia, convulsions, paresthesia, cardiac failure, respiratory paralysis
80
Define - results after long-term exposure of water with 10-25 ppm fluoride or from industrial exposure
Skeletal Fluorosis
81
Type of brush to use on irregular gingival margins of rotated anterior teeth
Tufted brush
82
For debridement an extended shank should be used where
pocket depths greater than 5mm
83
Type of pressure and strokes used for root planing
light pressure; long multidirectional strokes
84
Type of pressure and strokes used for scaling
lateral pressure; firm short multidirectional pull strokes
85
Type of pressure used for exploring
light pressure
86
Gracey - used on all anterior
1-2
87
Gracey - used on premolars
5-6
88
Gracey - used on facials and linguals of posteriors
7-8
89
Gracey - used on mesial, facial, and linguals of posteriors
11-12
90
Gracey - used on mesials of posteriors
15-16
91
Gracey - used on distals of posteriors (2)
13/14 & 17/18
92
Instruments safe for implants (5)
plastic, nylon, graphite, gold-tipped, USS with plastic tip
93
Ultrasonic - elliptical/orbital @ 25,000-40,000cps, all sides active
Magnetostrictive
94
Ultrasonic - linear @ 25,000-50,000cps, lateral sides active
Piezoelectric
95
Contraindications to power driven scaling (5)
demineralized areas, hypersensitivity, communicable disease, respiratory condition
96
Contraindications to polishing (5)
xerostomia, demineralized areas of decay, newly erupted teeth, exposed roots, respiratory condition
97
Contraindications to air polishing (5)
sodium-restricted diet (unless formula is sodium free), active perio condition, soft spongy condition, respiratory condition, or has composite, glass ionomer, or luting agent.
98
% of CHX approved for use in United States
0.12%
99
Clinical uses of CHX (4)
pre-procedural rinse, short-term use, inflammation control of NUG, for implants
100
MOA of CHX
Bactericidal, active against gram +/- microorganisms, alters bacterial cell wall, lysis of cell
101
Patient who uses tobacco should avoid what type of rinse
essential oils, such as listerine
102
Rinse recommended for cancer pts (3)
baking soda/saline followed by plain water, CHX can be used, avoid high alcohol content if there is severe mucositis
103
Pt with what condition should use CHX twice daily
Acute periodontal conditions
104
1st sign of gingivitis
BOP indicating micro-ulcerations of the sulcus
105
Maslow's Hierarchy (5)
1) physical/physiological needs 2) safety/security 3) love/belonging 4) ego/self-esteem 5) self-actualization
