Radiology

Question 1

tiny particles of matter that Possess Mass and travel in straight lines at high speeds

Answer 1

Particulate radiation

Question 2

wave-like energy Without Mass through space or matter

Answer 2

Electromagnetic radiation

Question 3

electromagnetic ionizing radiation of Very Short Wavelength from tungsten by highly accelerated electrons

Answer 3

X-ray

Question 4

speed of a wave

Answer 4

velocity

Question 5

crest to crest of waves

Answer 5

wavelengths

Question 6

number of wavelengths within an amount of time

Answer 6

frequency

Question 7

Negative charge - tungsten filament and molybdenum cup

Answer 7

Cathode

Question 8

Positive charge - copper arm and focal spot

Answer 8

Anode

Question 9

SPEED of electrons when traveling from cathode to anode - determines PENETRATION of X-ray beam

Answer 9

kVp - kilovoltage peak

Question 10

overall darkness or blackness of a film

Answer 10

density

Question 11

Decreased kVp film exhibits Decreased density and appears

Answer 11

Lighter

Question 12

Increased kVp, Increased density, Increased mA - film appears

Answer 12

Darker

Question 13

how sharply dark and light areas appear, RANGE OF SHADES

Answer 13

contrast

Question 14

HIGH contrast & density - ___kVp - ___shades - ___ scale

Answer 14

HIGH contrast & density - LOW kVp - FEW shades - SHORT scale

Question 15

LOW contrast & density - ___kVp - ___shades - ___ scale

Answer 15

LOW contrast & density - HIGH kVp - MANY shades - LONG scale

Question 16

NUMBER of electrons when traveling from cathode to anode - determines PRODUCTION of X-rays

Answer 16

mA - milliamperage

Question 17

how many impulses of radiation are produced per second

Answer 17

60 impulses/second

Question 18

the most common mechanism of damage in humans

Answer 18

ionization of water

Question 19

intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance

Answer 19

inverse square law

Question 20

effects seen in person irradiated - not passed on to future generations

Answer 20

somatic

Question 21

effects not seen in person irradiated - passed on to future generations

Answer 21

genetic

Question 22

Cell sensitivity - reproductive tissue, bone marrow, mucous membranes, lymph system, intestines

Answer 22

HIGH

Question 23

Cell sensitivity - lungs, kidneys, liver, growing bone & cartilage, salivary glands, fine vasculature

Answer 23

Medium

Question 24

Cell sensitivity - nerve tissue, heart, skeletal muscle, mature bone, optic lens

Answer 24

low

Question 25

SI unit - dose & Rad

Answer 25

Gy - Gray

Question 26

SI unit - dose equivalent & Rem

Answer 26

Sv -Sievert

Question 27

SI unit - exposure in air, Roentgen

Answer 27

C/kg - Coulomb/kg

Question 28

xray machine = or < 70 kVp requires minimum of ___mm aluminum filtration

Answer 28

= or < 70 kVp = 1.5 mm flitration

Question 29

xray machine >70 kVp requires minimum of ___mm aluminum filtration

Answer 29

>70 kVp = 2.5 mm flitration

Question 30

Lead Apron absorbs __% of scatter radiation and is usually __mm

Answer 30

90% and 0.25mm

Question 31

reduces surface area exposed by use of Lead Diaphragm; beam size at face can be no larger than ___ inches

Answer 31

Collimation; 2.75 inches

Question 32

MPD - Max Permissible Dose for occupational: __rem/year, __Sv/year (__mSv)

Answer 32

5 rem/year, 0.05 Sv/year (50 mSv)

Question 33

hydroquinone and elon; 5 minutes 68 degrees; changes exposed crystals black

Answer 33

developer

Question 34

sodium thiosulfate and ammonium thiosulfate; 10 minutes; removes unexposed crystals and clears

Answer 34

fixer

Question 35

Processing steps (5)

Answer 35

develop, water, fixer, water, dry

Question 36

safelighting in darkroom - bulb wattage, distance from film, filter

Answer 36

7.5 or 15 watts, 4 feet, GBX-2 filter

Question 37

SLOB

Answer 37

Same Lingual, Opposite Buccal

Question 38

cone length increases = dose decreases by factor of 4

Answer 38

8" @ 1sec | 16" @ 4sec

Question 39

mA decreases, impulses increase, kVp same,

Answer 39

15mA, 90kVp, 8imp | 10mA, 90kVp, 12imp