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Community Health Flashcards

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1
Q

WHO

A

World Health Organization

International

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2
Q

IFDH

A

International Federation of Dental Hygienists

International

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3
Q

DHHS

A

Dept of Health and Human Services
(Federal/National)
Healthy People 20/20

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4
Q

CDC

A

Centers for Disease Control

Federal/National

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5
Q

HRSA

A

Health Resources and services Admin

Federal/National

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6
Q

NIH

A

National Institues of Health

Federal/National

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7
Q

NIDCR

A

National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research

Federal/National

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8
Q

AHRQ

A

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Federal/National

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9
Q

Medicaid

A

Programs for the POOR
(State)
Created by Social Security Act 1965

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10
Q

SCHIPS

A

Comprehensive healthcare for children under 18

State

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11
Q

FQHCs

A

Federally Qualified Health Centers which serve underserved areas
(State)

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12
Q

County & City Health Departments

Fluoridation

A

Directly administer local populations

Local

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13
Q

Study of disease in Target Population

large or small / how disease affects groups or individuals

A

Epidemiology

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14
Q

Number of EXISTING (old & new) cases at a given point in time

A

Prevalence

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15
Q

Number of NEW cases at a given period of time

A

Incidence

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16
Q

Health Variable

Age, gender, race, immune status, genetics

A

Host Factors

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17
Q

Health Variable

Bacteria, virus, fungus

A

Biological agents

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18
Q

Health Variable

Sun exposure, radiation, industrial pollutants

A

Physical environment

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19
Q

Health Variable

Education, SES, diet, substance use/abuse, exercise

A

Lifestyle

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20
Q

Uses of epidemiological information (List 6)

A

1) Collect data, 2) Understand history, 3) Measure disease, 4) Identify cause, 5) Test for prevention, 6) Plan and evaluate

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21
Q

Define

disease or condition that Regularly Occurs in a population

A

Endemic

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22
Q

Define

Unexpected large number of cases of disease in a Specific Population at a Specific Time

A

Epidemic

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23
Q

Define

Widespread outbreaks over a Continent or the World

A

Pandemic

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24
Q

Sample Type
Every item has an equal chance of being selected; reduces chance of bias
(can be computer generated)

A

Random

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25
Sample Type | Based on sub groups
Stratified
26
Sample Type | Select every #th to participate
Systematic
27
Sample Type | Based on convenience
Convenience
28
Sample Type | Based on familiarity with population; high chance of bias
Judgement
29
Variable | Depends on intervention - what is observed
Dependent
30
Variable | The intervention - what is changed
Independent
31
Variable | What stays the same
Controlled
32
Statistics - measurements Area of spread in a frequency distribution Most frequently used measure Affected by extreme scores
Variance
33
Statistics - measurements Average of distance from the mean Square root of variance Affected by extreme scores
Standard Deviation
34
Skew distribution to the Left Scores fall in the HIGHER range Mean is Less than median and mode
Negative
35
Skew distribution to the Right Scores fall in the LOWER range Mean is More than median and mode
Positive
36
Define | Measures what is intended and is appropriate and accurate
Validity
37
Define | Measurement is reproducible by different investigators / examiner consistency and calibration
Reliability
38
Define | Ability to identify PRESENCE of disease
Sensitivity
39
Define | Ability to identify ABSENCE of disease
Specificity
40
Statistical Test | Hypothetical difference between 2 mean scores
T-Test
41
Statistical Test | Hypothetical difference between 3+ mean scores
ANOVA (analysis of variance)
42
Statistical Test tests hypothesis <0.05 is acceptable 1 in 20 possibility outcome OCCURRED BY CHANCE
p-value (probability value)
43
Index | Irreversible, measures past and present caries with PERMANENT dentition
DMFT, DMFS | decayed, missing, filled teeth/surfaces
44
Index | Irreversible, measures past and present caries with DECIDUOUS dentition
dft, dfs | decayed, filled teeth/surfaces
45
Index Irreversible, measures past and present caries with DECIDUOUS dentition, indicates need for extraction (does not include extracted or exfoliated)
deft | decayed, extraction needed, filled teeth
46
Index | Irreversible, REQUIRES RECESSION, only considers root exposure
RCI - root caries index
47
Index | Reversible, severity vs extent of inflammation
GI - gingival index
48
Index | Reversible, early signs of gingivitis, short term
SBI - sulcular bleeding index
49
Index | Irreversible AND reversible, prevalence & severity of perio AND gingivitis
PDI - periodontal disease index (Ramfjord)
50
Ramfjord teeth (6)
3, 9, 12, 19, 25, 28
51
Index | Irreversible, looks at surrounding tissue, no CAL, by Russel
PI - periodontal index
52
Index | Rapid and effective, perio health, Special Probe
PSR - perio screening and recording
53
Index | Est. by WHO for TX NEEDS rather than perio status, Special Probe
CPITN - community perio index of tx needs
54
Index | Reversible, measures oral hygiene, debris and calc, FOR GROUP not individual
OHI-S - simplified oral hygiene
55
Index | Reversible, Silness and Loe, used with GI, plaque thickness at gingival margin
PLI - plaque
56
Index | Reversible, measures plaque after brushing for pt skill
PHP - pt/hygiene performance
57
Index | Reversible, measures supra calc formation after prophy, for plaque control and calculus inhibition, used to TEST AGENTS
VMI - Volpe-Manhold
58
Access to care | type of care available
Need
59
Access to care | type of care desired
Demand
60
Access to care | actual use of service
Utilization
61
Exam Method | mirror, explorer, light, X-rays, tests / time & money
Type I : COE
62
Exam Method | mirror, explorer, light, limited X-rays
Type II : Limited
63
Exam Method | mirror & light
Type III
64
Exam Method | tongue depressor & light
Type IV
65
Define | Broad based statement of desired outcome of a program
Goal
66
Define | Measurable statement of steps to be taken to achieve goals
Objective
67
Stages of Learning (6)
Unaware, Aware, Self-interest, Involvement, Action, Habit
68
Procedures (6) | Private Dental Practice
1) Examination 2) Diagnosis 3) Tx Planning 4) Treatment 5) Payment 6) Evaluation
69
Procedures (6) | Community Dental Health
1) Survey 2) Analysis 3) Program Planning 4) Program Operation 5) Finance 6) Evaluation/Appraisal
70
Level of govt that supplies grant funding
Federal
71
Level of govt that applies for grants
State
72
Level of govt the provides services
Local
73
Probable cause & effect; Given as a number between +1 and -1
Correlation Co-efficient | Closer the number is to +/- 1 the stronger the correlation; closer to 0 the weaker.
74
Characteristics of an ideal index (8)
Simple, Valid, Reliable, Clear, Sensitive, Quantifiable, Objective, Accepted
75
Categories of Indices (4)
Reversible, Irreversible, Simple, Cumulative
76
Index category | Measures presence OR absence of a disease
Simple
77
Index category | Measures past and present of all evidence of a condition
Cumulative
78
Medicare
Programs for the ELDERLY and Disabled (State) Created by Social Security Act 1965
79
Grant | Lump sum of money given to a group to use at their discretion to meet a need (Support a benefit - anything goes)
Block Grant
80
Grant | Specifies where money goes (Supplies only soft bristle brushes for a benefit)
Line Item Grant
81
Act | Group health plans to temporarily continue if fired, lay-off, or change in employment status
COBRA - Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
82
Steps for a Community Program (4)
1) Needs Assessment 2) Plan Program 3) Implement Program 4) Evaluate Program

National Board (7 decks)

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