Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb

Question 1

name the 2 joints of the shoulder?

Answer 1

glenohumeral

acromioclavicular

Question 2

name the main stabilisers of the shoulder?

Answer 2

capsule
labrum
rotator cuff

Question 3

what do the rotator cuff muscles do?

Answer 3

anchor head of humerus into place on the shoulder via scapula

Question 4

what things other than a rotator cuff tear can cause shoulder impingement?

Answer 4

tendonitis
subacromial bursitis
osteophytes from AC joint

Question 5

how can the hand be affected by a shoulder impingement?

Answer 5

impingement can damage nerves to the hand

Question 6

what nerve supplies the deltoid?

Answer 6

axillary nerve

Question 7

where does a bankart lesion occur?

Answer 7

lower part of labrum

Question 8

what is a bankart lesiom?

Answer 8

a split in the labrum of the shoulder

Question 9

what movement is especially lost in frozen shoulder?

Answer 9

external rotation

Question 10

what 3 things can be affected in shoulder displacement?

Answer 10

ac joint dislocation
coracoclavicular ligament rupture
clavicle fracture

Question 11

what nerve supplies sensation of the lateral forearm?

Answer 11

musculocutaneous nerve

Question 12

what nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 12

radial nerve

Question 13

why do you get wrist drop if the radial nerve is damaged?

Answer 13

it supplies all the extensors of the arm and lost extension means you cant lift wrist

Question 14

what movement is done by the radio-capitellar joint?

Answer 14

supination

pronation

Question 15

name the origin of the extensor muscles of the elbow

Answer 15

lateral epicondyle

Question 16

name the origin of the flexor muscles of the elbow

Answer 16

medial epicondyle

Question 17

other name for medial epicondylitis?

Answer 17

golfer’s elbow

Question 18

another name for lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 18

tennis elbow

Question 19

what is a common cause of a supracondylar fracture?

Answer 19

trampolining

Question 20

what are the risks of a supracondylar fracture?

Answer 20

brachial artery occlusion

median nerve injury

Question 21

what joints facilitate supination and pronation of the forearm?

Answer 21

proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Question 22

most likely cause of a monteggia fracture?

Answer 22

high energy injury

Question 23

which muscles of the forearm are NOT supplied by the median nerve?

Answer 23

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum profundus

Question 24

do the extensors of the upper arm all have the sae nerve supply?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

what is the nerve supply of the upper arm extensors?

Answer 25

radial nerve

Question 26

what does flexor carpi ulnaris do?

Answer 26

flexes wrst on ulnar side

Question 27

cause of cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 27

compression of ulnar nerve at elbow

Question 28

cause of carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 28

median nerve compression at wrist

Question 29

how can the tendon sheath of the hand get infected?

Answer 29

bacteria from a cut in the tip of the finger can go into the palm

Question 30

is tendon sheath infection an emergency?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

how would you know the tendon sheath of the hand is infected?

Answer 31

redness in top of finger going down into palm

Question 32

name the 4 small muscles of the hand that are supplied by the median nerve

Answer 32

``` lateral two lumbricals opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis LOAF ```

Question 33

what are the muscles of the hand (besides LOAF) supplied by?

Answer 33

ulnar nerve

Question 34

what causes trigger finger?

Answer 34

nodule in the finger causes the pulley to becom inflamed

Question 35

how do you treat trigger finger?

Answer 35

cut pulley

Question 36

what does it mean to be an extrinsic muscle of the forearm?

Answer 36

controlled by the forearm

Question 37

what do the intrinsic muscles of the hand do?

Answer 37

used for complex manipulation of the fingers

Question 38

what do the interossei do?

Answer 38

flexion at MCP extension at PIP = spreading fingers in and out

Question 39

cause of swan neck deformity?

Answer 39

PIP volar plate rupture/attrition | intrinsic muscle tightness