Shoulder Pathologies

Question 1

is the subscapularis at the front or back of the shoulder joint anatomically?

Answer 1

anterior

Question 2

are the muscles at the front or back of the shoulder responsible for external rotation?

Answer 2

back

Question 3

are the muscles at the front or back of the shoulder responsible for internal rotation?

Answer 3

front

Question 4

is internal or external rotation stronger?

Answer 4

internal

Question 5

what does shoulder instability look like on an x ray?

Answer 5

light bulb like

hillsach lesions

Question 6

what is a hillsach lesion?

Answer 6

indent in part of the humeral head

Question 7

what happens to the shoulder after repetitive voluntary shoulder dislocations?

Answer 7

destabilised rotator cuff muscles

Question 8

tests for general joint laxity?

Answer 8

thumb to forefinger
fingers back
hands to floor

Question 9

what method of putting shoulder back into place should be done for patients who have had multiple dislocation?

Answer 9

stimson method

Question 10

what lesion is commonly seen in anterior shoulder dislocation?

Answer 10

hillsach lesion

Question 11

is impingement syndrome common?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

most common type of rotator cuff arthropathy

Answer 12

glenohumeral joint arthritis

Question 13

which shoulder condition commonly presents with pins and needles in the fingers?

Answer 13

impingement syndrome

Question 14

requirement for patients getting an USS on shoulder?

Answer 14

the shoulder has to be mobile

Question 15

how long does an impingement take to heal?

Answer 15

3-4 months

Question 16

what muscles experience particular wasting in a cuff tear?

Answer 16

supraspinatus

infraspinatus

Question 17

what is the horn blower sign?

Answer 17

cant hold their arm out in an L shape for long

Question 18

what does the horn blower sign mean

Answer 18

weak teres minor and infraspinatus

Question 19

radiological signs of cuff tear?

Answer 19

greater tuberosity morphs into spherical humeral head

Question 20

what is the pathology of a frozen shoulder?

Answer 20

synovitis

Question 21

is it likely to reoccur?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

what joint is most commonly affected?

Answer 22

glenohumeral

Question 23

why cant you diagnose a frozen shoulder without a radiograph?

Answer 23

differentials are too similar

Question 24

what are the differentials for a suspected frozen shoulder?

Answer 24

OA of shoulder

locked posterior dislocation

Question 25

what would a frozen shoulder look like on a scope?

Answer 25

red and inflamed synovium

Question 26

how long should a frozen shoulder patient be in a sling?

Answer 26

as short as possible

Question 27

why do you get subchondral cysts

Answer 27

sclerosis decreases blood supply to bone -> death causes them

Question 28

treatment for GH arthritis

Answer 28

GH arthroplasty to mediate centre of rotation

Question 29

how would you know if carpal tunnel is particularly severe?

Answer 29

there is pronounced muscle wasting

Question 30

how many flexor tendons does each digit have?

Answer 30

2 for each finger | 1 for thumb

Question 31

what is the only muscle you test for in carpal tunnel?

Answer 31

abductor pollicis brevis

Question 32

what digits does the median nerve innervate

Answer 32

thumb index middle half ring finger

Question 33

what nerve supplies the rest of the hand?

Answer 33

ulnar

Question 34

why are carpal tunnel patients quite clumsy with their hands?

Answer 34

get bad proprioceptor feedback

Question 35

clinical features of cubital tunnel syndrome?

Answer 35

claw deformity | wasting of the hypothenar eminence