Clinical Descriptions in Endocrine Flashcards
(73 cards)
Most common cause of adrenal insufficiency
Addison’s disease
autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex
Addison’s disease
What is Addison’s disease associated with?
pernicious anaemia
Type 1 DM
Autoimmune thyroid disease
Lack of CRH/ACTH caused yb pituitary/hypothalmic disease or exogenous steroid use
secondary adrenal insufficiency
Disorder of excess cortisol secretion with high mortality, most common in women aged 20-40
Cushing’s syndrome
Most common cause of Cushing’s?
iatrogenic
Autonomous production of aldosterone independent of its regulators (angiotensin II and potassium)
Primary aldosteronism
Commonest secondary cause of hypertension?
Primary aldosteronism
What are the subtypes of Primary aldosteronism?
Adrenal adenoma (Conn's syndrome) Bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (most common cause)
Are genetic mutations and unilateral hyperplasia common causes of Primary aldosteronism?
no, rare causes
Rare condition associated with enzyme defects in the steroid pathway, commonest is 21a hydroxylase deficiency
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Rare tumours of the adrenal medulla
Curable form of hypertension, but can be potentially fatal
Phaeochromocytoma
Phaeochromocytoma is associated with what?
Von-hippel-lindau syndrome Multiple endocrine neoplasia II Succinate dehydrogenase mutations Neurofibromatosis Tuberose Sclerosis
Phaeochromocytoma is associated with what?
Von-hippel-lindau syndrome Multiple endocrine neoplasia II Succinate dehydrogenase mutations Neurofibromatosis Tuberose Sclerosis
activation mutation in tyrosine kinase receptors
Multiple endocrine neoplasia II
Mutation in HIF 1-alpha, range of vascular tumours
Von-hippel-lindau syndrome
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in the western world
Hashimotos Thyroiditis
goitrous hypothyroidism which can be caused by drugs such as amiodarone
Iodine deficiency
Is congenital developmental defect hypothyroidism goitrous?
no
Typically affects elderly women with long standing but frequently unrecognized/untreated hypothyroidism
high mortality
myxoedmea coma
Autoimmune cause of hyperthyroidism
Grave’s
Hyperthyroidism in older patients, more insidious onset, glands may feel nodular
multinodular goitre
hyperthyroidism most common in females, may be virally triggered, associated with sore throat/fever etc
sub-acute thyroiditis/De Quervians
Severe hyperthyroidism causing respiratory and cardiac collapse, hyperthermia, exaggerated reflexes, may be linked with an infection
Thyroid Storm
