Clinical Epithelium Flashcards
Kartegener (KS)
AR genetic disorder involving mutations in tubulin & dynein; Lack most of inner & outer dynein arms; Chronic lung infection; Situs Inversus; infertility; Primary ciliary dyskinesia+situs inversus=KS
Bullous pemphigoid
Auto-immune anti-hemidesmosomes; Blistering of skin
Atrophy
decrease in size of existing cells;
Hypertrophy
increase in size of existing cells
Hyperplasia
increase in number of cells
Metaplasia
reversible change in one mature epithelium by another
Neoplasm
abnormal, uncontrolled proliferation of cells associated with development of cancers
Carcinoma
malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin
Carcinoma in situ
features of carcinoma in an epithelium, but no invasion of basement membrane
Examples of metaplasia
Smoking leading to change from pseuostrat to stratified squamous epithelium
Barrett’s oesophagus
PUD leading to metaplasia of oesophageal epithelium from strat squamous to columnar
Cervical carcinoma
malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell origin; invasive nest breaking thru basement membrane
Lipoma
Benign tumour of adipocytes;
Ehlers-Danlos (EDS)
Mutations in gene encoding lysyl hydroxylase (req. Cross-linking); abnormalities in Type III collagen; defect in conversion of procollagen to collagen; Hyper-extensible and fragile skin, hypermobility of joints
Hypertrophic scar
excess collagen; confined to boundaries of original wound;
Keloid
excess collagen; scar tissue grows beyond original wound boundaries
Scurvy
Deficiency in Vit. C; req. For activation of lysyl and prolyl hydroxylases; Required for hydroxylation of procollagen
Marfan’s syndrome
AD mutation in fibrillin 1 (elastic tissue); Tall stature; long digits; lax joint/double jointedness; ectopis lentis; aortic aneurysm; mitral valve prolapse
Anaphylactic shock
Specific receptor for IgE on Mast cells;
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease as a result of wear & tear; progressive erosion of articular cartilage; Prolonged articulation on naked bones; bone becomes thickened, hard & eburnated (polished); subchondral cyst; residual articular cartilage
Rickets
Deficiency of Vit. D in children leading to defective mineralisation of bone; Bow-leg; rachitic rosary; frontal bossing; ALL REVERSIBLE; Less mineralization; more osteoid
Osteoporosis
Decreased bone mass; GH deficiency; excessive corticosteroids; Most common in elderly & post-menopausal
Osteopetrosis
Reduced osteoclast activity & increased osteoblastic activity; marble like bones; Bones are abnormally brittle; aka Marble Bone Disease; Bones lack medullary canal; Medullary cavity abnormally filled with primary spongiosa and no hemtapoietic elements, therefore anemic & extramedullary hematopoiesis, especially liver
Osteogenesis imperfect type 1
Genetic defect involving Type 1 collagen; Skeletal fragility; blue sclera; dentation problems; joint laxity; hearing impairment; aka Brittle bone disease
