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Microbiology > Clinical features of HIV and AIDS > Flashcards

Clinical features of HIV and AIDS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 markers used to monitor HIV infection?

A

CD4 cell count
HIV viral load

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2
Q

What kind of rash can sometimes be seen in acute HIV?

A

Symmetrical maculopapular rash

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3
Q

What would a rash involving palms and soles be a warning of?

A

Secondary syphilis

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4
Q

What does a maculopapular rash look like?

A

Raised red lumps

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5
Q

How long does it take from point of infection to developing symptoms in acute HIV?

A

2-4 weeks

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6
Q

What are some factors to consider to flag possible HIV?

A

Tattoos, injected drugs, sexual partners, condom-use

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7
Q

What are the most common symptoms in acute HIV?

A

Fever, fatigue, myalgia, rash and sore throat. Sometimes aseptic meningitis.

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8
Q

In a patient with fever, rash and non-specific symptoms then…

A

Ask about sexual history
Think of HIV seroconversion

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9
Q

What is clinical latency?

A

No symptoms. May notice some enlarged lymph nodes (persistent generalised lymphadenopathy)
CD4 cell population increases and viral load temporarily decreases but then CD4 population slowly declines until the person is immunosuppressed - opportunistic infections

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10
Q

What are common symptoms when CD4 cell begins to get moderately low?

A

Shingles (in HIV normally more sever and can be multidermatomal)
Oral candida
Oral hairy leucoplakia (similar to thrush but can’t be scraped off. Caused by EBV)
Molluscum contagiosum

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11
Q

Think about doing a HIV test when faced with a common problem when…

A

It present in an unexpected patient
It is recurring
No clear underlying cause

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12
Q

What is AIDS?

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
When CD4 count is less than 200

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13
Q

What is PCP and its symptoms

A

Pneumocystis Pneumonia (fungal pneumonia)

Exertional drop in oxygen saturations, Fevers, SOB, dry cough, pleuritic chest pain

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14
Q

How to diagnose PCP

A

Get an induced sputum sample - patient inhales nebulised saline to acquire sputum (needs to be a “deep” sample). Sent for PCR

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15
Q

What is the first line treatment for Pneumocystic Pneumonia (PCP)?

A

Co-trimoxazole (which is 2 antibiotics: trimerthoprim + seulfamethoxazole)

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16
Q

PCP is the most common o______ infection

A

opportunistic

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17
Q

What are some AIDS defining illnesses? (slide 34)

A
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18
Q

All patients with __ require a HIV test

A

TB

19
Q

How to diagnose TB

A

Sample for Acid Fast Bacilli staining

20
Q

TB CNS presentations

A

Tuberculoma, Ocular TB, TB meningitis

21
Q

Tuberculoma

A
22
Q

Ocular TB

A
23
Q

TB meningitis

A
24
Q

CNS presentations in HIV

A

CNs Lymphoma, CNS Toxoplasmosis, CMV retinitis, Ocular Toxoplasmosis

25
Q

CNS Lymphoma (slide 37)

A
26
Q

CNS toxoplasmosis (slide 37)

A
27
Q

CMV retinitis (slide 38)

A
28
Q

Ocular Toxoplasmosis (slide 38)

A
29
Q

Cryptococcal Meningitis (slide 39)

A
30
Q

Low threshold for l_____ p______ in a patient with HIV and headahce

A

lumbar puncture

31
Q

HIV increases the risk of any cancer. Name some AIDS defining cancers

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma
Lymphomas
Cervical

32
Q

Women who are known to have HIV should…

A

have annual smear test due to the risk of cervical cancer

33
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma (slide 42)

A
34
Q

What is HAART?

A

Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy
Aim to reduce viral load to undetectable levels and increase CD4 count

35
Q

Is there a vaccine or cure for HIV?

A

Not yet

36
Q

Slide 45

A
37
Q

What will the HIV specialist take into account when putting together a regime?

A

Viral resistance, other medications, lifestyle, co-infections

38
Q

Slide 47

A
39
Q

With current HAART regimes, HIV infection is…

A

an entirely manageable condition with a good prognosis

40
Q

Slide 49

A
41
Q

Many drugs interact with antiretrovirals and therefore cause…

A

subtherapeutic levels of the HIV drugs. HIV can then replicate

42
Q

Slide 51

A
43
Q

Good adherence and avoidance drug interactions are key to:

A

Suppress HIV replication
Avoid drug resistance

44
Q
A

Microbiology (15 decks)

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