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Microbiology > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

What are protozoa?

A

One celled animals, single cell with nucleus (eukaryotic)

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2
Q

Classification by shape: 5 major groups

A

Flagellates, Amoebae, Sporozoa, Microsporidia, Cilliates

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3
Q

Example of flagellate

A

African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping bite)

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4
Q

What are symptoms of African Trypanosomiasis?

A

Chancre (painless ulcer), flu-like symptoms, CNS involvement (sleepy, confusion, personality change)

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5
Q

American Trypanosomiasis “Chagas Disease”

A

Spread by triatomine, it defecates, you itch/rub it in, gets into bloodstream.

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6
Q

Symptoms of Amreican Trypanosomiasis

A

Acute: flu-like symptoms

Chronic (can lie dormant and reo-activate): Cardiomyopathy, Megaoesophagus, Megacolon

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7
Q

Leishmaniasis is spread by…

A

the sandfly

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8
Q

Leishmaniasis can cause 3 different clinical pictures:

A

Cutaneous (ulcer at site of bite, scarring)

Mucocutaneous (ulceration and destruction of mucous membranes)

Visceral (replication occurs in spleen, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, anaemia, weight loss, fever)

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9
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is s____ transmitted

A

sexually

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10
Q

Symptoms of trichomonas vaginalis

A

Dysuria, yellow frothy discharge, fertility issues

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11
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis managed?

A

Metronidazole and contact tracing

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12
Q

How is Giardia spread?

A

Faeco-orally

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13
Q

Symptoms of Giardia

A

Diarrhoea, cramps, bloating, flatulence, trophozoites/cysts seen in stool

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14
Q

After having Giardia, can have intolerance to…

A

lactose

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15
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat giardia?

A

Metronidazole

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16
Q

Entamoeba histolytica is spread…

A

faeco-orally

17
Q

Symptoms of amoebiasis

A

Dysentry, colitis, liver and lung abscesses

18
Q

Cryptosporidiosis is w_____ and causes diarrhoea, vomiting, fever and weight loss

A

waterborne

19
Q

What is seen in stool with cryptosporidiosis?

A

Oocytes

20
Q

Toxoplasmosis is spread by…

A

Ingestion of contaminated food and water, feline faeces

21
Q

What can toxoplasmosis cause?

A

Disseminated disease, toxoplasma encephalitis, chorioretinitis

22
Q

What is advised in pregnancy to prevent toxoplasmosis?

A

Avoiding raw or cured meats, avoid unpasteurised goats milk products, wear gloves and wash hands or avoid gardening or cleaning cat litter trays

23
Q

What is the most common reason for fever on return from travel?

A

Malaria

24
Q

How many species of malaria cause human disease?

A

5
(plasmodium…falciparum
ovale, vivax, malariae, knowlesi

25
Q

How is malaria diagnosed?

A

Light microscopy on blood film to see trophozoite.
Thick screen is low resolution but determines presence of malaria.
Thin screen identifies which species.

26
Q

Other symptoms of malaria (other than fever)

A

Chills, headache, myalgia, fatigue, diarrhoea, vomiting, abdo pain

27
Q

Malaria signs

A

Anaemia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, Black water fever (haemoglobin passes into urine so becomes very dark)

28
Q

Brief outline of malaria cycle

A

Mosquito bites infected human and ingests plasmodium gametocytes.
Develops in midguts , sporozoites in salivary glands.
Injects in next bite
Sprozoites infects hepatocytes.
Develops into schizont, burst and infects RBCs.
Becomes trophozoite.
Develops into a schizont, ruptures and infects another RBC.
Some trophozoites develop into gaetocytes.

29
Q

Malaria causes haemolysis causing…

A

Anaemia and jaundice from bilirubinaemia

30
Q

Certain type of malaria, P.falciparum is more complicated due to infected RBCs increased ability to…

A

adhere to endothelial cells

31
Q

Small vessels can become obstructed by clumps of RBCs causing

A

hypoxia, microinfacts in brain and lung

32
Q

Vascular occlusion causes

A

drowsiness (systemic hypoglycaemia), raised intracranial pressure, seizures, coma and death.

33
Q

Anaemia and lacticacidosis can cause t_____ through compensatory mechanisms

A

tachypnoea

34
Q

Increased vascular permeability in lungs causes

A

pulmonary oedema

35
Q

Renal failure can occur due to…

A

vascular occlusion, hypoperfusion secondary to dehydration or hypotension, haemolysis creating nephrotoxic products.

36
Q

Reduced circulating platelets is due to…

A

thrombocytopenia and platelet aggregation

37
Q
A

Microbiology (15 decks)

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