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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY > CLINICAL LABORATORY Supplies > Flashcards

CLINICAL LABORATORY Supplies Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of glassware

A
  1. High Thermal Resistant Glass
  2. High Silica Glass (COREX)
  3. High Alkali-Resistant Glass
  4. Low Actinic Glass
  5. Standard Flint Glass or Soda
    Lime Glass
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2
Q

Most common Resistant Borosilicate

A

–Beakers–Flasks–Pipettes

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3
Q

Usual brand that may encounter in high thermal resistant glass is

A

Kimax and Pyrex

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4
Q

This has high resistance to thermal shock and chemical
attack

A

High Thermal Resistant Glass

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5
Q

*They also have heavy walls to minimize breakage and is
used for making most of beakers, flask and pipette

A

High Thermal Resistant Glass

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6
Q

*Can be heated and autoclave

A

High Thermal Resistant Glass

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7
Q

Made by removing all elements from borosilicate glass
but 6 times stronger than borosilicate glass

A

High Silica Glass (COREX)–Made by rem

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8
Q

Has good optical qualities, temperature capabilities and
is radiation-resistant

A

High Silica Glass (COREX)

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9
Q

Used for high precision analytical work and for optical
reflectors and mirrors

A

High Silica Glass (COREX)

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10
Q

Not used for the type of glassware generally used in the
laboratory

A

High Silica Glass (COREX)

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11
Q

Partially used for strong alkaline solutions

A

High Alkali-Resistant Glass

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12
Q

–Often referred to as “soft glass” as its thermal
resistance is much less than of borosilicate glass

A

High Alkali-Resistant Glass

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13
Q

used primarily whenever digestion with strong alkali is made

A

High Alkali-Resistant Glass

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14
Q

they are poor in heat resistance therefore it is
not autoclavable

A

High Alkali-Resistant Glass

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15
Q

Has materials that usually impart red color to the
glass that reduce the amount of light passing
through substance inside the glassware

A

Low Actinic Glass

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16
Q

Provides protection to reagents highly sensitive
to light ranging from 3,000 –5,000 Angstrom(A)

A

Low Actinic Glass–Has materials that

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17
Q

Used for substances that are particularly
sensitive to light such as bilirubin or Vitamin A

A

Low Actinic Glass

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18
Q

Used for the manufacture of
weighing bottles because it
develops less static surface
changes

A

Standard Flint Glass or Soda
Lime Glass

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19
Q

Composed of a mixture of the
oxides, Calcium and silicon

A

Standard Flint Glass or Soda
Lime Glass

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20
Q

list the special glasses

A

*1. Colored and Opal Glasses
*2. Coated Glasses
*3. Optical Glasses
*4. Glass Ceramics (Pyroceram)
*5. Radiation –Absorbing Glasses

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21
Q

a special glass Used in light fitters, lamp bulbs and lightning lenses

A

Colored and Opal Glasses

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22
Q

a special glass that Have thin metallic oxide permanently fine bonded to the surface
of the glass

A

Coated Glass

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23
Q

a special glass that –Have electronic applications as heat shield to protect against
infrared light

A

. Coated Glasses

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24
Q

a special glass that is –Mostly soda –lime, lead and borosilicate of high optical purity–Used in making prisms, lenses and optical

A

Optical Glass

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25
Q

a special glass that –Have high thermal resistance, chemical stability and corrosion
resistance like borosilicate glasses–Useful in hot plates, table tops and heat exchanges

A

Glass Ceramics (Pyroceram)

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26
Q

a special glass that is –Made of soda-lime and lead–Useful in preventing transmission of huge energy radiation as gamma
rays and X-rays

A

Radiation –Absorbing Glass

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27
Q

Beginning to replace glassware in the laboratory setting

A

Plastic wares

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28
Q

Its unique high resistance to corrosion and breakage as
well as its varying flexibility, had made it most appealing

A

Plastic wares

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29
Q

Its relatively expensive, allowing for most items to be
completely disposable after each use

A

Plastic wares

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30
Q

a plastic ware

Unique group of resins with relatively inert properties

A

Polyolefins

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31
Q

a plastic ware that is Unaffected by acids, alkalis, salt solutions and aqueous solutions

A

Polyolefins

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32
Q

a plastic ware that can be autoclaved

A

Polyolefins

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33
Q

2 types of Polyolefins

A

Polypropylene and Polyethylene

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34
Q

a type of polyolefins that is More vulnerable to attack by oxidizing agents

A

Polypropylene

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35
Q

a type of polyolefins that can withstand higher temperatures

A

Polypropylene

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36
Q

–Both polypropylene and polyethylene are used primarily to _____

A

are used primarily to fabricate bottles, beakers,
jars jugs, funnels pipette jars, pipette baskets, tanks, burette
covers, check valves, disconnect valves, twistcock connectors,
needle valves, hollow stoppers, dropping pipettes, hydrometer
jars, stirring rods, tubings and reagent dispensers

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37
Q

a special glass that is Twice as strong as polypropylene and may be used at temperatures ranging
100C to 160C

A

Polycarbonate resin

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38
Q

a special glass we can use at temp ranging 100* to 160* celcius

A

Polycarbonate resin

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39
Q

a special glass that is Unsuitable for use with bases such as amines, ammonia, alkalis, and
oxidizing agents

A

Polycarbonate resin

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40
Q

a special glass that can be Dissolved by chlorinated aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon

A

Polycarbonate resin

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41
Q

a special glass that is –Insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbon, some alcohols and dilute aqueous
solutions and Salts

A

Polycarbonate resin

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42
Q

a special glass that is Used extensively in centrifuge tubes and graduated cylinder

A

Polycarbonate resin

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43
Q

a special glass that is Non-toxic, clear plastic of modified plasticized polyvinyl chloride

A

Tygon

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44
Q

a special glass that is Can be used to handle most chemicals but should not be
subjected to prolonged immersion in aliphatic or aromatic
hydrocarbons, ketones and esters

A

tygon

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45
Q

a special glass that is –Flexible at 30C, brittle at 45C and resists dry heat to 95C

A

Tygon

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46
Q

a special glass that can be steamed, autoclaved, and resists dry heat to 95*C

A

tygon

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47
Q

a special glass that is can be Used for the manufacture of tubing (i.e, tubing used in
Automated Analyzers)

A

tygon

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48
Q

a special glass that is Pure translucent white and inert to corrosive reagents boiling
aguaregia, nitric and sulphuricacids, boiling hydrocarbons,
ketones, esters and alcohols

A

Teflon-Fluorocarbon Resin

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49
Q

a special glass that Can resist extreme temperatures ranging from 270C to 255C, used
in cryogenic experiments or work temperatures over extended
periods

A

Teflon-Fluorocarbon Resin

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50
Q

a special glass Used for self-lubricating stopcocks, stirring bars, bottle cap liners
and tubing because of its anti-adhesive properties

A

Teflon-Fluorocarbon Resin

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51
Q

3 characteristics/category of laboratory equipments

A
  1. design
  2. draining characteristics
  3. type
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52
Q

what is under the I. Design

A
  • to contain and to delivr
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53
Q

what is under the II. Draining characteristics

A

blow out and self-draining

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54
Q

what s under the type category

A

measuring or graduated and transfer

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55
Q

what are the 2 drainage characteristic of a pipette

A

blow out and self draining

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56
Q

what is under the measuring or graduated pipettes

A

–1.Serologic–
2.Mohr–
3.Bacteriologic–
4.Ball, Kolmeror Kahn–
5.Micropipet

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57
Q

what is under the transfer pipette

A

–1.Volumetric–
2.Ostwald-Folin–
3.Pastuer pipets–
4.Automatic macropipets or micropipets

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58
Q

Holdsa particular volume but does not dispense
that exact volume

A

TC (To Contain) Pipette

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59
Q

a type o pipette according to calibration

–Calibrated by introducing the exact weight of
mercury required to give the desired volume
at specific temperature

A

to contain pipette

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60
Q

Mercury does not wet glass and pipette
calibrated this way will contain but not
deliver the started volume

A

TC (To Contain) Pipette

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61
Q

Types of Pipette According to Calibration

Dispense the indicated volume

A

TD (To Deliver) Pipet

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62
Q

Types of Pipette According to Calibration

Calibrated by weighing the volume of
water that will flow from them by gravity

A

TD (To Deliver) Pipette

63
Q

Types of Pipette According to Calibration

Rate of delivery must never be hastened by
blowing

A

. TD (To Deliver) Pipette

64
Q

Types of Pipette Based on Dispensing

–Same as TD pipette but drops remaining at
the tip after delivery is blown out to
receiving vessel

A

to blow-out pipette

65
Q

Types of Pipette Based on Dispensing

An etched ring is seen near the
mouthpiece

A

“To Blow-Out” Pipette

66
Q

Types of Pipette Based on Dispensing

The user allows the contents of the pipette
to drain by gravity

A

Self Draining pipette

67
Q

Types of Pipette According to Use

Has the greatest degree of accuracy and
precision

A

Volumetric / transfer Pipette

68
Q

Types of Pipette According to Us

–Designed to dispense one volume w/o
further subdivisions

A

Volumetric / transfer Pipette

69
Q

Types of Pipette According to Use

Calibrated to deliver a fixed volume of liquid
Has a bulb between mouthpiece and tip that
decreases surface area/unit volume and
diminished error from water film

A

Volumetric / transfer Pipette

70
Q

Types of Pipette According to Use

–Self-draining

A

Volumetric / transfer Pipette

71
Q

Types of Pipette According to Use

Used in measuring VISCOUS FLUID–Measures smaller volume
–Has a bulb near the tip

A

Ostwald-Folin Pipette

72
Q

Types of Pipette According to Us

–Etch mark, ring near mouthpiece
–Used with biologic fluids thicker than that
of water
–Blow-out pipette

A

Ostwald-Folin Pipette

73
Q

Types of Pipette According to Use

Used to deliver an amount of liquid
contained between two calibration on
marks

A

Graduated/measuring Pipette

74
Q

Two types of Graduated Pipettes:

A

Serologic Pipette
Mohr Pipette

75
Q

a type of graduated pipette that is

  • The rate of fall of liquid is much too fast
  • Has an etched band on the suction
A

Serologic Pipette

76
Q

Two types of Graduated Pipettes:

  • Has calibration marks to the tip
    – Blow-out pipette
A

*Serologic Pipette

77
Q

Two types of Graduated Pipettes:

–o Calibration lies between two marks
–o No graduations to the top
–o Self-draining pipette

A

mohr pipette

78
Q

a type of graduated pipette
“ To contain” pipette which is calibrated with mercury

A

Micropipettes

79
Q

types of Graduated Pipettes:

–No calibration
–For biologic fluid without specific volume

A

Pasteur Pipette

80
Q
  • Is the most routinely used pipette
A

. Automatic Pipette (Macro ->1ml; Micro -<1ml)

81
Q

advantages of using automatic pipette

A

–o Time savings
–o Safety
–o Stability
–o Ease of use
–o Increase in precision
–o Lack of required cleaning

82
Q

types of automatic pipette

A

–o Air displacement
–o Positive Displacement
–o Displacement Dilutor

83
Q

–Should be made of glass that is
resistant to many chemicals used
and resistant to heat

–Used for general mixing and
reagent preparation

–Wide, straight-sided cylindrical
vessels and are available in many
sizes in several forms

A

beakers

84
Q

–Used to measure volumes of liquids when
high degree of accuracy is not
essential

A

GRADUATED MEASURING CYLINDERS

85
Q

–Pear-shaped flasks
–Have one calibration mark on narrow part
of the neck

A

VOLUMETRIC FLASKS

86
Q

–Used to contain a specific amount of
volume of liquid

A

VOLUMETRIC FLASKS

87
Q

a measuring equipment that has the Precision is up to 1/1000 of a gram

A

Analytical Balance

88
Q

classes of Balance

A
  1. Number of Pans (Single or Double),–2. Mechanical or Electronic–
  2. Operating Ran
89
Q

measuring equipment that has a Precision is up to 0.1 gram

A

Rough / Platfrom Balance

90
Q

example of Rough / Platfrom balance

A

Torsion Balance –for weighing chemicals

91
Q

–3 beams are present in
the balance

A

*Triple beam balance

92
Q

types of centrifuge

A

–Fixed-angle head
–Swinging-bucket type
–Ultracentrifuge
–Tachometer
–Strobe light

93
Q

chemical or reagent

–Is a substance that occurs naturally or is obtained through
a chemical process

A

chemical

94
Q

chemical or reagent

–It is used to produce a chemical effect or reaction

A

chemical

95
Q

CHEMICALS orREAGENTS
–Produced in various purities or grades

A

chemicals

96
Q

–Defined as any substances employed to produce a
chemical reaction

A

reagent

97
Q

–When QUANTITATIVE determinations are to be performed
and accurate standard solutions prepared, it is necessary
to use ____

A

pure chemicals

98
Q

What are the 5 grade chemicals

A

Reagent Grade / Analytic Reagent (AR) Grade
Chemically Pure (CP) Grade
United States Pharmacopia(USP) and National Formulary (NF) Grade

99
Q

These chemicals are of a high degree of purity and
are used often in the preparation of reagents in the
clinical laboratory for many reagent grade or AR
chemicals,

A

reagent grade, or analytic reagent

100
Q

those that meet their standards are
designed by the letter ACS (American Chemical
Society)

A

Reagent Grade / Analytic Reagent (AR) Grade

101
Q

–These chemicals are sufficiently pure to be used in many analyses
in the clinical laboratory However, the designation does not reveal
the limits of impuritiesthat are tolerated and so, they may not be
acceptable for research and various clinical laboratory technique
unless they have been specifically analyzed for the desired
procedure.

A

Chemically Pure (CP) Grade

102
Q

It may be necessary to use this grade when higher purity
biochemically are not available

A

Chemically Pure (CP) Grade

103
Q

–These reagents meet the specifications stated in USP
and NF

A

United States Pharmacopia(USP) and National
Formulary (NF) Grade

104
Q

They are generally less pure than CP grade, as the
tolerance is specified such as they are not injurious to
health rather than chemically pure

A

. United States Pharmacopia(USP) and National
Formulary (NF) Grade

105
Q

–These chemicals may be used as starting
materials from synthesis of other chemicals of
greater purity but generally should not be used
in clinical chemistry.

A

Purified, Practical of Pure Grade

106
Q

These type of reagent have been put through
additional purification steps ULTRAPURE

A

Purified, Practical of Pure Grade

107
Q

–These chemicals are used only for industrial
purposesand are generally not used in the
preparation of reagents for the clinical laboratory

A

Technical / Commercial Grade

108
Q

The highest grade or purest chemicals are available from
the .–

A

National Bureau of Standards

109
Q

These agencies or bureaus all supply certified clinical
laboratory standards

A

National Bureau of Standard (NBS)
College of American Pathologists (CAP)
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)

110
Q

Highly purified chemicals which may be weighed out directly in the
preparation of solutions of selected known concentration

A

Primary Standard

111
Q

A prepared solution whose concentrations is determined by an
analysis of an aliquot amount of the solution using primary
standard and acceptable reference method

A

Secondary Standard

112
Q

–Chemicals used in clinical chemistry analysis that are available in
RELIABLE PREPERATIONS

A

Reference Standard

113
Q

–A reference sample is also referred to as “__”

A

control material

114
Q

It is actually a sample in which the chemical composition and the
physical characteristics stimulate the specimen being analyzed

A

Reference Standard

115
Q

reference standard can be a ___ or a _

A

serum or a reference pool

116
Q

reference standard
–It may be __ in which the values are
identified.

A

unassayed and assayed

117
Q

–These samples are useful for proficiency testing, inter
laboratory surveys and in the calibration of reference
materials (commercial) kits and reagent sets

A

reagent standard

118
Q

3 classes of standard

A

Calibration Reference Material
Control Materials with Assigned Values
Control Materials without Assigned Values

119
Q

a class of reference standard

A reference material in which the confidence of the assigned value shall be such that the overall uncertainty interval does not exceed 8% of the 95% normal range of constituent

A

Calibration Reference Material

120
Q

a class of reference standard

–These are used as controls
–The confidence limit is such that overall uncertainty does not exceed 20% of the
95% normal range

A

Control Materials with Assigned Values

121
Q

a class of reference standard

This sample is similar the unknown and it should be included in every set of
determination

A

Control Materials without Assigned Values

122
Q

Types of Water

A
  1. Distilled water
  2. Deionized water
  3. Reverse osmosis water
  4. Ultrafiltration
  5. Reagent grade water
123
Q

a water from distillation process

A

Distilled water

124
Q

a water from ion-exchange process

A

Deionized water

125
Q

–uses pressure to force water to move
through a semipermeable membrane

A

Reverse osmosis water

126
Q

type of water for UV light, sterilization, ozone treatment

A

Ultrafiltration

127
Q

a water approved by the CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards
Institute)

A

Reagent grade water

128
Q

types or example of Reagent grade water

A

–A. Clinical Laboratory Reagent Water
–B. Special R.W.
–C. Instrument Feed Water
–D. Water supplied by the Method Manufacturer
–E. Autoclave and Wash Water
–F. Commercially bottled purified water

129
Q

what are the water parameters

A

–Microbiological content
–pH
–Resistivity
–Silicate
–Particulate matter
–Organics

130
Q

Water Purity Categories

A

type I, II, III

131
Q

type of water purity that is used for the test methods which requires
MINIMUM INTERFERENCES (e.g. Trace metal, iron and
enzyme analyses)

A

Type I

132
Q

Type of water purity that is acceptable for most analytic requirements
(e.g. Reagent, Q.C, standards preparation)

A

Type II

133
Q

type of water purity that is associated to
autoclave, wash water

A

Type III

134
Q

water filtration examples

A

*Glass
*Cotton
*Activate charcoal
*Submicron filters

135
Q

Chemical agents that prevent the coagulation or clotting of blood
are ____.

A

anticoagulants

136
Q

–Prevents the formation of a white precipitate in uric
acid determination

A

lithium oxalate

137
Q

is oxalate or grey top tube can be used for blood urea nitrogen test and other electrolyte test?

A

NOPE

138
Q

why is oxalate not applicable for test with electrolyte

A

Na and K oxalate –3 mg or more /ml of blood
alters the electrolyte distribution in blood and
interferes with precipitation of protein (Folin-Wu);
gives too low sugar values and may cause shrinkage
of cells

139
Q

an oxalate for hematologic purposes

A

Double oxalate

140
Q

–The ammonium oxalate tends to __
up the RBC while potassium oxalate
acts in reverse

A

swell;

141
Q

used as blood preservative for blood
glucose determination and at the same time act as a
weak anticoagulant.

A

Fluoride

142
Q

anticoagulant that inhibits the enzyme involved in glycolysis

A

Fluoride

143
Q

It is commonly used with oxalate whenever blood
must be preserved for later analysis and blood with
Na Fluoride is preserved for 24 hours at room
temperature

A

fluoride

144
Q

fluoride should not be used in what test?

A

Should not be used for collecting specimens for enzyme
determination or when using enzyme in a test such as urease

145
Q

it Acts on Ca to form insoluble calcium fluoride

A

flouride

146
Q

an
efficient anticoagulant
for blood transfusion
since it is non-toxic and
the salt is rapidly
utilized and excreted

A

citrate

147
Q

what are the elements included on a citrate

A

Na and K, ACD (Acid
Citrate Dextrose)

148
Q

acts
as chelating agent which combines
with Ca which is essential for clotting
mechanism

A

edta

149
Q

an edta that has solute to about 10%.
It should be neutralized to pH 7.4
before use by the addition of NaOH

A

disodium salt

150
Q

–Naturally occurring substance found in the liver and lungs
and it is extremely effective in preventing the coagulation
of blood

A

heparin

151
Q

an anticoagulant Preventing the production of plasma thromboplastin

A

heparin

152
Q

heparin is Not an anticoagulant when acting alone. It acts in
____ fraction of plasma

A

conjunction with certain albumin

153
Q

–Expensive and the dry powder is not readily soluble in
blood

A

heparin

CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (15 decks)

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