glucose methodologies Flashcards
in a normal hematocrit, whole blood glucose level is ___ % lower than the plasma glucose
10-12%
Plasma glucose is __% lower than Serum glucose
5%
Capillary blood glucose: ___ higher than venous blood
2-5 mg/dL
possible samples we can use to check for glucose level
Serum, CSF, Whole Blood, Synovial Fluid, Urine
Standard specimen
Fasting Venous Sample
csf sample has how many percent of glucose
60%
Uncentrifuged coagulated blood
-can lower the glucose level for how many percent in 1 hr?
↓5-7% in 1 hour
Prolonged standing:___ lower
without refrigerator
7 mg/dL per hour (RT)
if the sample is refrigerated in 4*C, the glucose level will only lower down for ___ every hhr
1-2 mg/dl
Separated nonhemolyzed sterile serum
can last in 25*C for how many hrs?
8 hrs
Separated nonhemolyzed sterile serum
can last in 4*C for how many hrs?
72 hrs
serum should be separated from the clot within ___
.5 to 1 hr
a composition of sodium fluoride or a gray top
2mg/ml of blood or iodoacetate
a composition of sodium fluoride or a gray top - 2mg/ml of blood or iodoacetate
functions to __
inhibit glycolysis and prevent most glucose consumption by RBC (good for 24 hours up to 48 hrs)
the function of sodium fluoride is the
chelation thus the binding of ca and mg which inhibits ____
inhibition of enolase
Precautions in sample collection to prevent glucose utilization by leukocytes (WBC)
true or faslse
true
The sample should be kept cool; loss on standing in a warm room maybe as high as ___
10 mg/dL (0.6 mmol/L)/ hr
in OGTT, we can use what type of samples>
urine and serum
what are the substances we can add in urine to detect glucose?
5 mL glacial acetic acid
5g sodium benzoate for 24 hr specimen
Chlorhexedine –inhibit bacterial decomposition
0.1% sodium nitrate w/ 0.01% benzethonium chloride - antibacterial
Requested during insulin shock and hyperglycemic ketonic coma (type 1 DM)
Random Blood Sugar
increase glucose plus increase ketone bodies
hyperglycemic ketonic coma
The test should be performed after an 8 hour fast
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
the most common test for glucose
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
Common for detecting diabetes mellitus
Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)
normal fasting glucose level
70-99 mg/dl or 3.9-5.5 mmol/L
impaired fasting glucose level
100-125 mg/dl or 5.6 - 6.9 mmol/l
impaired fasting glucose level
> 126 mg/dl or >7mmol/L
The test is performed two hours after meal
Two-hour post prandial test (PPBS)
how well the body will metabolized glucose
Two-hour post prandial test (PPBS)
Used to determine how well the body metabolizes glucose over a required period of time
Glucose
Tolerance Test/ OGTT
Used for diagnosis of gestational diabetes
Glucose
Tolerance Test/ OGTT
Not generally recommended for routine clinical use for diagnosis of DM
Glucose
Tolerance Test/ OGTT
the recommended dose for OFTT based from WHO
75 mg/dl
2 types of GTT
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
the most common oral glucose tolerance test
Janney-Isaacson Method (Single Dose Method)
a gtt that are usually for admitted patients
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
Used for DM patients with gastrointestinal disorders
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
in intravenous glucose tolerance test,
how many gram of glucose are given per kg of body weight?
0.5 g
0.5 g of glucose/kg of body weight
an oral glucose tolerance test that is
Divided Oral Dose or Double Dose Method)
Exton Rose Method
Requirements for OGTT
Patient must be ambulatory
Patient to be tested should ingest at least 150g of CHO 3 days prior to testing
Patient should not eat food, drink tea, coffee or alcohol, vigorously exercise, or smoke cigarettes during the test
Patient must fast the night before the testing is performed
Procedure for OGTT
Collect the fasting blood sample
Instruct the patient to drink the glucose load
Collect blood sample after 1˚, 2˚ and 3˚
categories of OGTT
NORMAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE - < 140 mg/dl
IMAPARED GLUCOSE TOLERANCE - 140 - 199
PROVISIONAL DIABETES - > 200