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Patho Study Guide > Clinical Manifestations > Flashcards

Clinical Manifestations Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What is the physiological effect of HYPOnatremia

A

Anorexia
Low BP
GI upset
Weak pulse (hypovolemia)
Bounding pulse (hyervolemia)
Cerebral Edema
Lethargy
Confusion
Coma
Seizures
Headache
Diminished deep tendon reflexes

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2
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Fluid Volume Overload

A

HYPERvolemia
Crackles
Bounding pulses
Rapid weight gain
Edema in the legs arms and face
Abdominal swelling and cramping
Shortness of breath
High blood pressure

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3
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Metabolic Acidosis

A

Dysrhythmias
HYPOtension
Kussmaul respiration (rapid,deep)
Malaise
Shock
Coma
HYPERkalemia
Anorexia
Weakness
Fatigue
Lethargy
Warm flushed skin
Headache

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4
Q

Clinical manifestations of Anaphylaxis

A

HYPOtension
Construction of airway, bronchioles
Dilation peripheral vessels
Weak, rapid pulse
Itching
Hives
Flushed, pale skin

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5
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)

A

Red to brownish-gray skin patches

Pruritis

Lichenified, cracked or scaly skin

Irritated, sensitive skin from scratching

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6
Q

Clinical manifestations of Pediculosis (Lice infestation)

A

Pruritic macules or papilla where lice have bitten to consume blood

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7
Q

Clinical manifestations of Gout (uric acid inflammatory disease)

A

Pain at the affected joint
(Throbbing, crushing, burning or excruciating)

May present with tophi ( uric acid crystals deposited in soft tissue) in cooler areas of the body

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8
Q

Clinical manifestations of Osteoporosis

A

Asymptomatic in early stages
Height reduction
Osteopenia
Kyphosis
Bone pain and tenderness
Fractures
Low back and neck pain

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9
Q

Clinical manifestations of Dislocation (separation of two bones at joint)

A

Paresthesia (pins & needles) near injury

Visibly out of place, discolored or deformed joint

Bruising or swelling

Limited movement

Intense pain

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10
Q

Clinical manifestations of Osteomalacia and Rickets (softening and weakening of bone)

A

Difficulty w/ ambulation or waddling gait

Skeletal deformities

Delayed growth in height or limbs

Dental issues

Bone pain, muscle weakness

Vitamin D and calcium deficiency

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11
Q

What are the complications of Compartment syndrome?

A

Pressure impinging on the nerves and blood vessels, compromising the distal extremities (necrosis and pain)

Pain, pallor, paresthesia, pulselessness, paralysis

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12
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Fibromyalgia

A

Paresthesia

IBS

Fatigue

memory problems

Depression

Widespread pain and stiffness

Sleep disturbances

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13
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Osteoarthritis

A

Crepitus

Bone spurs

Limited ROM

Pain in joints exacerbated by movement

Joint tenderness

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14
Q

Clinical manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Anemia
Anorexia
Fatigue
Unsteady gait
Limited ROM
Depression
Joint pain stiffness

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15
Q

Clinical manifestations of Paget Disease (abnormal bone destruction)

A

HYPERcalcemia
Paresthesia
Skeletal deformities
Hearing and vision loss
Reduced height

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16
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Hepatitis B

A

Dark-urine
Clay/light colored stools
Anorexia
Coryza
Cough
Malaise
Jaundice
Arthritis
Myalgias
Photophobia
Pharyngitis
Nausea and Vomiting

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17
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Esophageal Varices (enlarged veins)

A

Hematemesis
Black tarry bloody stools
Jaundice
Loss of consciousness
Easy bleeding or bruising
Ascites (fluid build up in abdomen)
Lightheadedness

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease?

A

Fatigue
Malaise
Cirrhosis
Anorexia
RUQ discomfort
Hepatomegaly
Splenomegaly
Portal hypertension
Nausea

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19
Q

What are the symptoms of Cirrhosis?

A

Ascites

Portal hypertension

Enlarged veins

Varicosities in the esophagus and abdomen

Slow or severe esophagus bleeding

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20
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Esophageal Cancer

A

Dysphasia
Odynophagia
Chest pain
Weight loss
Hematemesis
Halitosis

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21
Q

What is the outcome for patients of esophageal cancer?

A

Because it is typically asymptomatic in the early stages, treatment is usually delayed leading to a late diagnosis and poor prognosis.

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22
Q

What are the complications of End Stage Liver Cirrhosis

A

Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Rectal Varices
Esophageal Varices
Splenomegaly
Ascites
Edema
Encephalopathy
Jaundice
Sclera Icterus

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23
Q

What is the main clinical manifestation of Gastric Ulcers?

A

Pain that worsens with eating

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24
Q

Clinical manifestations of Increased Renal Secretion

A

Decrease Urinary Output

Increased Blood Pressure

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25
Clinical Manifestations of End-Stage Renal Disease
Metallic taste in mouth Anorexia Pruritis Nausea and Vomiting High Blood Pressure Changes in urinary output Fatigue and weakness Edema in feet and ankles Decreased mental state Shortness of breath
26
Clinical manifestations of BPH
Frequency, urgency, difficulty, retention, weak urinary stream Nocturia Erectile dysfunction Overflow incontinence Bladder distention
27
Clinical Manifestations of Malignant Bladder Tumor
Painless hematuria Anemia Abnormal urine color Frequency Dysuria UI Nocturia UTIs Pain in back, abdominal and pelvic
28
Clinical Manifestations of Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
Dark-reddish Brown urine Edema in the face (around eyes) and in hands and feet Dysuria Fatigue Anemia
29
Clinical Manifestations of Renal Calculi
Colicky pain Flank pain (radiates lower abdomen and groin) Bloody, cloudy, foul-smelling urine Dysuria Frequency Genital discharge Nausea and vomiting Fever/chills (infection)
30
What disease is associated with PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)?
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea
31
What are the early signs of prostatitis?
Dysuria Difficulty, Frequency, urgency urination Painful ejaculation Recurrent UTIs
32
What are the symptoms of Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation)?
Cramping pain that impairs usual daily activity and begins at the conclusion of ovulation and continues through menstruation. Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea Headaches Dizziness
33
Clinical manifestations of Testicular Torsion
Hard, painful, palpable mass Testicular enlargement, discomfort, and pain Gynecomastia
34
Clinical Manifestations of HYPERTHYROIDISM
Sudden weight loss Tachycardia Dysrhythmias HTN Diaphoresis Tremor Increased appetite Goiter Anxiety/nervousness Increased HEAT sensitivity Diarrhea Difficulty concentrating, irritability
35
Clinical Manifestations of Cushing Syndrome
Moon face Buffalo Hump Truncal Obesity Delayed growth and development Insulin Resistance Osteoporosis HYPERtension Psychosis Hirsutism ED HYPOkalemia Broad, purple abdominal, breast, and thigh striae HYPERpigmentation Increased infections, delayed wound healing
36
Clinical Manifestations of Addison’s Disease
HYPOtension HYPOglycemia HYPOnatremia HYPOchloremia HYPERkalemia HYPERpigmentation Anorexia Chronic Diarrhea Mouth lesions Pallor Weight loss Slow sluggish movements Salt cravings
37
Clinical Manifestations of Pheochromocytoma (chromaffin tumor)
Reflections of the fight-or-flight response HYPERtension HYPERglycemia Tachycardia Dysrhythmia Angina Anxiety Paresthesia Profound Diaphoresis Tachypnea or Dyspnea GI pain Pale, cool, clammy skin Constipation
38
Clinical Manifestations of MS (neuroinflammatory disease)
Fatigue Ataxia Paresthesia Unsteady gait Difficult moving, limb weakness Tremor in limbs Constipation/stool leakage Incontinence, frequency, urgency, hesitancy urination Vision changes
39
Cerebral Palsy causes are associated with…
Prematurity Low birth weight Breech births Multiple fetuses Hypoxia during birth Maternal/child Hypoglycemia Cerebral hemorrhage Neurologic infections
40
Clinical Manifestations of Cerebral Palsy
Persistence of early reflexes Developmental delays Ataxia Spasticity Flaccidity Hyperreflexia Asymmetrical walking gait
41
Clinical Manifestations Meningitis
Fever/chills LoC change Photophobia Bulging fontanelle Opisthotonos Tachycardia Rash Agitation
42
Clinical Manifestations of TIA (transient ischemic attack)
Muscle weakness/paralysis of the face, arm, or leg UNILATERAL Paresthesia on one side Aphasia Dysphasia Difficult reading Changes in mood emotions and personality, sensation Agnosia Ataxia
43
Clinical Manifestations of Parkinson’s Disease
Slowing or stopping of automatic movements Dystonia Dysphasia Drooling Myalgia Anosmia Urinary hesitancy, urgency, leading to incontinence Mask-like appearance to face Muscle cramps
44
Clinical Manifestations of Cerebral Aneurysm
Diplopia and loss of vision Headache Eye and neck pain Sudden severe headache indicating aneurysm has ruptured
45
Clinical Manifestations of ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
Footdrop Lower extremity weakness Hand weakness Clumsiness Slurred speech Dysphasia Muscle cramps Twitching Fasciculations in the upper extremities and the tongue
46
Clinical Manifestations of Myasthenia Gravis (autoimmune nerve condition)
Breathing difficulty dysphasia difficulty climbing stairs, lifting objects, or rising from a seated position Dysarthria Dropping head Facial paralysis/weakness Fatigue Hoarseness Changing voice Eye/vision issues
47
Clinical Manifestations of Huntington’s Chorea (degeneration of neurons)
Early signs include: driving Learning new things Remember facts Answering questions Making decisions Handwriting
48
Clinical Manifestations of Spinal Cord Injury’s
Breathing difficulties Loss of normal bowel/bladder function Sensory changes Spasticity Pain Weakness/paralysis BP instability Temp fluctuations Diaphoresis
49
Clinical Manifestations of Autoimmune Dysreflexia
Severe or pounding headache Chills/goosebumps Sweating Changes in vision Anxiety Flushed or splotchy skin Nasal congestion Slow heart rate
50
Clinical Manifestations of Dementia
Memory loss Difficulty speech Personality changes Bowel or bladder incontinence Disorientation Hallucinations Loss of judgement Difficulty performing familiar tasks
51
Clinical manifestations of pneumothorax
Sudden chest pain of affected lungs Chest tightness Dyspnea Tachypnea Tachycardia Pallor Absent tactile fremitus Hyperresonance Decreased breath sounds Anxiety Asymmetrical chest movement Tracheal deviations
52
Clinical Manifestations of Emphysema
Exertional Dyspnea Diminished breath sounds Wheezing Tachypnea Chest tightness Hypoxia Hypercapnia Increased anterior-posterior thoracic diameter; leading to barrel chest appearance
53
Clinical Manifestations of TB
Productive cough Hemoptysis Night sweats Fever Chills Fatigue Anorexia Unexplained weight loss
54
Clinical Manifestations of Viral Pneumonia
Nonproductive cough Low grade fever Normal WBC count Minimal change on x ray Less severe
55
Clinical Manifestations of Bacterial Pneumonia
Productive cough High fever Elevated WBC count Infiltration visible on x ray More severe
56
Clinical Manifestations of Bronchitis
Nonproductive cough that can become productive Clear sputum Purulent/blood sputum Dyspnea Wheezing Abnormal lung sounds Pharyngitis Malaise Myalgia Chest discomfort
57
Clinical Manifestations of Hemophilia (internal bleeding disorder)
Bleeding seen early on in life Petechiae Brushing GI bleeding Hematuria
58
Clinical Manifestations of Leukemia (Cancer of the leukocytes)
Leukopenia Anemia Thrombocytopenia Joint swelling Bone pain Weight loss Anorexia Hepatomegaly Splenomegaly CNS dysfunction
59
Clinical Manifestations of Lymphoma
Swollen, painless lymph nodes Cough SOB Retrosternal chest pain Weight loss Persistent fever Night sweats Generalized Pruritius Malaise Recurrent infections Splenomegaly
60
Clinical Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease
Symptoms like those with hemolytic anemia Swelling of feet hands and fever
61
Clinical Manifestations of Epstein-Barr
Initial flu like symptoms for 1-3 days Intensity, phase with severe sore throat, fever, and lymphopathy Acute phase that last 2-3 weeks or months
62
Clinical Manifestations of Multiple Myeloma (Cancer of the plasma Cells)
Anemia Thrombocytopenia Leukopenia Decreased bone density Bone pain HYPERcalcemia Renal impairment
63
Clinical Manifestations of Anemia
Weakness Fatigue Pallor Syncope Dyspnea Tachycardia
64
Clinical Manifestations of ITP (immune thrombocytopenia purpura)
Abnormal bleeding ( petechiae, mucosal bleeding, epistaxis, purpura)
65
Clinical Manifestations of Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Cyanosis of sclera Brittle spoon shaped nails Decreased appetite Headache Irritability Stomatitis Pica Delayed hearing Neuro impairment
66
Clinical Manifestations of Pernicious Anemia
Bleeding gums Diarrhea Positive Babinski sign Impaired smell Loss deep tendon reflex Anorexia Personality and memory changes Stomatitis Paresthesia Unsteady gait
67
Clinical Manifestations of Aplastic Anemia
Abdominal pain bone pain dyspnea delayed growth/development fatigue fever jaundice tachycardia skin ulcers on lower legs angina excessive thirst frequent urination priapism vision impairment frequent infections
68
Clinical Manifestations of Shock
Thirst/dry mucus membranes Tachycardia Thready Pulse Restlessness Anxiety Irritability Tachypnea progressing to Cheye stokes respirations Cool pale dry skin HYPOtension Cyanosis Confusion Dizziness/Syncope Decreased urinary output

Patho Study Guide (9 decks)

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