Process Steps

Question 1

What are the physiological concepts of the fight or flight response?

Answer 1

“General Adaptation Syndrome” (GAS)
1.Alarm Stage: (SNS) stimulated and causes release of cortisol and catecholamines
- Epinephrine and Norepinephrine mediate fight or flight

PHYSIOLOGICALLY:
Decreased intestine motility
Delayed waste excretion
Dilated pupils
Increased heart rate
Adrenaline secretion

Question 2

What are the steps in the inflammatory process?

Answer 2

ERYTHEMA, EDEMA, HEAT, PAIN
1. Blood vessels dilate; increases blood flow to injury area
2. Fluid and Phagocytic WBCs move out of capillaries
3. Lymphatic Drainage removes dissolved poisonous substances
4. Phagocytes ingest microbes and foreign substances

Question 3

What are the steps of Carcinogenesis?

Answer 3

1. Initiation
2. Promotion
3. Progression

Question 4

What are the phases of kidney injury?

Answer 4

1. Prodromal (asymptomatic)
2. Oliguric (water reabsorption)
3. Diuretic (gradual return renal function)
4. Recovery (normal function returns)