Clinical Psych Flashcards
(87 cards)
1
Q
5 priorities of clinical psych
A
- reduce suffering + improve mental health
- engage with latest research to advance clinical
- evidence based treatment + interventions
- community + public health
- policy + systems change
2
Q
3 earliest clinical psychs
A
- Wilhelm Wundt
- Freud
- Carl Rogers
3
Q
education needed to become clinical psych
A
- 10+ yrs academic study + practical experience
- pHD
4
Q
triangulation in clinical psychology
A
- clinical interview
- psych assessment
- patient case history
5
Q
types of issues clinical psychs treat
A
- behavioural
- interpersonal-social
- adjustment issues
- emo + psych difficulties - >death + illness
- intellect, cog, neurological disorders
6
Q
3 levels clinical psychs work with
A
- individual
- couples
- family
7
Q
clinical assessment definition
A
structured collecting, analysing + interpreting data of psychological state + functioning to get understanding of individual’s mental health
8
Q
purpose of psych evals
A
- informed decision making
- choose appropriate interventions
9
Q
methods used for clinical assessments
A
- standardised psych tests
- structured + unstructured interviews
- observational techniques
10
Q
what do behavioural observations show us
A
- behavioural patterns
11
Q
what do interviews show us
A
qualitative
- individual history
- symptoms
- experience
12
Q
clinical diagnosis definition
A
mental health professionals identify and classify mental disorders based on
*observable symptoms
*history
*standardised criteria
13
Q
pros and cons of diagnostic criteria (DSM-5)
A
pro:
- structured approach
- research driven treatment
cons:
- rigid categorisation (overlooking individual variation)
- ignores diff human experiences
14
Q
assessment vs diagnosis
A
A:
- understanding of psych makeup
- enhance therapeutic strats thru detailed insight
- personalised treatment plans
D:
- classify and label mental disorders
- assign mental health label
- alignment of treatment strats w identified disorder
15
Q
mental disorder definition
A
combo of abnormal thoughts, emotions, behaviours + relationships
16
Q
mood disorder definition + examples
A
extreme changes in mood that impact daily functioning
*major depressive disorder
*bipolar disorder
17
Q
major depressive disorder: core symptoms + additional
A
core:
- depressed mood
- loss of interest in most activities
additional:
- weight change
- low energy
- recurrent thoughts of death + suicide
18
Q
bipolar disorder Type 1 : core + additional symtpoms:
A
- manic episode = elevated mood lasting 1 week
*increased self-esteem + distractibility + impulsive behaviour
*decreased ned for sleep - depressive episode
19
Q
CBT for depression
A
- address negative self-beliefs
- encourage behavioural activation
20
Q
CBT for Bipolar
A
- manage depressive symptoms
- manage mood stability
21
Q
interpersonal therapy for depression
A
- address grief
- role transition
- social conflicts
22
Q
interpersonal therapy for Bipolar
A
- manage relationship challenges
- improve social support
23
Q
anxiety disorders definition
A
excessive fear, worry
24
Q
OCD symptoms
A
- obsessions: unwanted thoughts or images that cause distress
- compulsions; repetitive behaviours driven by urge to reduce anxiety
25
diagnostic criteria for OCD
- obsession are time consuming (more than 1 hr) or cause sig distress
- symptoms not due to substance use or other condition
26
PTSD symptoms (DSM criteria)
- after exposure to actual or threatened death, injury or sexual violence
- intrusive symptoms
- avoidance
- negative changes in mood and cognition
- arousal and reactivity
more than 1 month
27
CBT for anxiety
change unhelpful thoughts + behaviours
28
exposure + response prevention
- expose patients to obsessional triggers while preventing compulsion
29
medication for OCD + PSD
1. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
30
crisis planning definition
- ID triggers + warning signs of relapse
- create action plan for high-stress period
31
relapse prevention definition
- dev coping skills + regular check-ins to maintain treatment gains
32
eye movement desensitisation + reprocessing on anxiety
- process traumatic memories thorugh guided eye movements
*patients recall distressing experiences while following guided eye movements to reduce emotional intensity
33
does eye movement work for PTSD?
- yes there is decreased trauma symptoms
34
psychotic disorders definition + examples
- distorted thinking, percpetions and loss of touch with reality
*schizophrenia
*delusional disorder
*schizoaffective disorder
35
key symptoms of psychotic disorders
- delusions = fixed false beliefs
- hallucinations
- disorganised thinking
- disorganised or abnormal motor behaviour
- negative symptoms
36
schizo duration + ipairsment
- 6months +
- impairment of work, relationships, self-care
37
steps of diagnosing schizo
1. clinical interview
2. mental status exam
3. rule out other conditions
4. functional assessment
38
CBT on schizo
- iD delusional beliefs + maladaptive thoughts
- challenge these thoughts
39
other treatments for schizo
- family therapy
- psycheducation
- social skills training
40
relapse prevention on schizp
- recog early warning signs
- establish cooping strats
- dev support network
- promote consistent check-ins
41
personality disorder definition
eduring patterns of behaviour, cog and inner experience that deviate from cultural expectations
42
3 clusters of personality disorders
1. Cluster A = odd or eccentric
2. Cluster B = dramatic or erratic
3. Cluster C = anxious or fearful
43
narcissistic personality disorder
core symptoms + specific symptoms
core: grandiosity, need for admiration + lack of empathy
specific:
- exaggerated sense of self-importance
- sense of entitlement
- interpersonal exploitation
- envy of others or belief that others envy them
- arrogant
44
Borderline Personality Disorder
core features + specific symptoms
core: instability in relationships, self-image+ emotions (impulsivitiy)
specific symptoms:
- fear of abandonment
- distorted self-image
- emotioanl instability
- suicidal behaviour or self-harm
- stress-related paranoia
45
diagnostic steps for personality disorders
1. clinical interview to assess long-term patterns
2. self-report questionnaire
*personality assessment inventory (PAI) + millon clinical inventory (MCMI)
3. observation of behaviour
4. functional impairment
46
common factors of bipolar and antisocial
1. irritability
2. impulsivity
3. dangerous behaviour
4. suicidal
47
narcissistic personality disorder treatments
1. psychodynamics therapy
2. CBT -> modify dysfunctional beliefs about self-importance
48
goals to treat narcissism
1. icrease empathy + interpersonal skills
2. challenge grandiosity
3. dev healthier sense of self-worth
49
treatment of borderline personality
CBT: restructure maladaptive thoughts
- mindfulness to imrpove awareness of thoughts
- emo reg
- interpersonal effectiveness
- distress tolerance
50
psychodynamic therapy for borderline
- explore + resolve unconcsious conflicts that influence behaviour
- focus on early relationships that shape current behaviour
51
schema therapy for personality disorders
- ID + modify deep-seated schemas that make bad behaviour
- cognitively
- experiential (role-playing to reprocess traumatic events)
52
2 categories of sexual disorders
1. paraphilic = wack sexual interests
2. sexual dysfunction = issues in sexual response cycle
53
challenges in treating sexual disorders
1. stigma + shame
2. risk management -> disorders involve urges to pose risk to others
54
CBT for sexual disorders
1. cog restructuring
2. impulse control techniques
3. relapse prevention
55
psychodynamic therapy for sex disorder?
1. insight-oriented therapy -> early life epxeriences
2. attachment-focused -> issues of attachment + intimacy
56
2 types of meds for sex disorders
- SSRI (reduce sex urges)
- anti-androgen(reduce sex drive)
57
3 steps of psychoeducation for pedophiles
1. educate patients + families
2. community resources -> guide individuals to support services
3. empowerment -> manage symptoms
58
psychodynamic theory what does it show us
unconscious influences on problematic behaviour
1. gain access to repressed thoughts + feelings
2. resolve conflicts that arose in childhood
3. assist clients in gaining awareness of unconscious desires
59
techniques in psychodynamics
1. free association
2. analysis of resistance
3. transference
4. dream analysis
60
epigenetics meaning
how environment can cause genetic changes
61
ethical considerations in clinical
1. confidentiality
2. informed consent
3. professional integrity
62
cultural competence definition
understand + respect diverse cultural backgrounds
- cultural awareness
- cultural knowledge
- cultural skill
63
how cultural competence affects therapy
1. effective communication
2. client engagement
3. evidence-based adaptatio s
4. cultural competence models and tools
5.
64
psychopathology definition
study of mental disorders
65
self harm
direct behaviour that causes injury without conscious suicidal intent and without psychosis or intellectual impairment
66
prevalence of SH
- 30% in adolescents
- has increased esp among women
67
is SH in DSM?
Nope but physical manifestation of other disorders
68
factors on suicide
1. psych factors
2. emotional distress
3. interpersonal dynamics
69
psychological functions of NSSI (non-suicidal, self injury)
1. affect regulation
2. communication
3. control/punishment
4. anti-dissociation
5. anti-suicide
6. interpersonal influence / boundaries
7. self-punishment
8. sensation seeking
70
chapman experiential avoidance model for SH
- SH primarily for coping with emotional distress (over time automatic conditioned response)
1. experiential avoidance
2. negative reinforcement (alleviating anxiety or guilt)
3. emo reg deficits
4. automatic escape responses
71
Dual Harm Model definition
- intersection of self-injury + aggressive behaviour ESPECIALLY in correctional settings
2 issues:
- impulse control
- emo dysregulation
72
Links of suicide + self-harm with cognitive deficits
1. impulsivity
2. problem solving
3. emotional management
73
impulsivity definition
- premature responding, sensation seeking, risk taking + inability to inhibit response
*preferring immediate over delayed rewards
74
who is most likely to commit suicide
1. men
2. under 45 yrs old
3. clinical or correctional settings
75
risk factors of self harm in prison
1. young age
2. male
3. longer time in custody (unless first experience)
4. prison climate
5. social + mental health support
76
risk factors for suicide in prison
1. male
2. 21-39 yrs old
3. not yet sentenced (fear of unknown)
4. soon after release from prison
5. long sentence length
6. single cell location
77
therapeutic approach to prevent suicide
crisis response planning = strategies for prisoners when they are experiencing suicidal thoughts
78
ACCT document definition
assessment care in custody and teamwork
*members of staff note down causes for concern
*all staff have access so they can be mindful of factors and provide best care
79
measures to reduce SH and suicide
1. staff training
2. communication + continuity of care of prisoners
3. assessment of prisoners
4. monitor at risk prisoners
5. prison: regular activities + social opportunities
6. encourage reg contact with fam
7. external expertise
80
7 principles of care
1. suicide is NOT inevitable
2. change is possible
3. awareness of suicidal thoughts reduces risk of committing
4. person must consent to getting help
5. positive listening to alleviate despair
6. some deaths will still occur even with good care
7. staff also needs to be supported
81
theory of planned behaviour
behaviour influenced by
1. attitude -> individ eval of performing specific behaviour
2. subjective norm
3. behavioural control -> eval of prob successful completion
82
transtheoretical model of change
1. pre-contemplation -> no intention to change
2. contemplation -> considering change in next 6 months
3. preparation -> planning to act within month
4. action -> engaged for less than 6 months
5. maintenance -> engaged for more than 6 months
83
actuarial risk assessment
assesses risks through statistics
- removes human bias
84
clinical assessment
subjective decision-making of clinician using education + experience + intuition
- quantitative
85
dialectical behaviour therapy
- what disorder is it used for
- what is it
BPD
- emo regulation, interpersonal skills + distress tolerance
86
static risk factor
characteristic of offender predictive of reoffending that can't be changed
87
dynamic risk factor
characteristic of offender predictive of reoffending that can be changed
