Psychopathology Flashcards
(67 cards)
1
Q
symptoms definition
A
phenomena that can be detected through
a. interviews
b. direct examination
c. observations
2
Q
psychopathological syndromes
A
specific states of mental disorders of constant symptoms
3
Q
4Ds of mental disorders (abnormalities)
A
- deviance
- distress
- dysfunction
- danger
4
Q
do genes cause psychopathology?
A
NO
- genes code proteins nd many protein anomalies interact with environment which causes mental disorders
5
Q
3 P Model of Getting Mental Disorders
A
- predisposition
- precipitation (stressor)
- perpetuating
all these factors can be influences by biopsychosocial
6
Q
homonomic symptoms definiiton
A
differ from normal experience qualitatively
- intensity + time
7
Q
heteronomic symptoms definition
A
differ from normal because they don’t occur in normal people
8
Q
3 types of classifications for psychopathological symptoms
A
- cognitive
- emotional + activity
- integration of mental
9
Q
cognitive disorders types
A
a. perception
b. attention
c. memory
d. thought
10
Q
3 perception disorders
A
- illusions (distortion of actual)
- hallucinations (see things that aren’t there)
- pseudohallucinations (hallucination but known to be fake)
11
Q
pathological illusions definiton
A
distortion of own body
12
Q
hallucinations least + most often in schizo
A
- least = visual
- most = tactile / kinaesthetic
13
Q
2 categories of memory disorders
A
- dymnesia -> qualitative
- paramnesia -> qualitative
14
Q
dymnesia examples
A
- hypermnesia -> enhanced memory
2- hypomnesia
- amnesia
4.
15
Q
2 types of paramnesia
A
-memory hallucinations
- confabulations (filling gaps of memory with fake ones)
16
Q
allomnesia definiton
A
distorted memories
memory + identification illusions
17
Q
content thought disorders
A
- delusions -> beliefs that aren’t consistent with actual reality
18
Q
contents of delusions in
schizophrenia
depression
mania
A
schizophrenia: sending thoughts out and thought control
depression: delusions of guilt
mania: delusions of grande
19
Q
3 types of content of thought disorders
A
- depressive thoughts
- grandeur thoughts
- anxiety thoughts
20
Q
formal thought disorders
A
- disorder of the form of thinking
- pace + continuity + paralogical thinking
21
Q
complex activity disorder examples
A
- socialising
- school + professional activities
- interests
22
Q
disorders of integration of mental functions
A
- intellectual disability
- personality disorder
23
Q
permanent personality change definition
A
- category of personality disorder from traumatic event (person didn’t have diagnosed personality disorder before that)
24
Q
personality disintegration (splitting)
A
during schizo, break of mental functions
25
panic disorders
- recurrent panic attacks not restricted to particular stimuli or situation
- concern over having them leads avoidance (even if the situation didn't cause it) leading to impairments
26
agoraphobia
- anxiety over situations where escaping or getting help is unlikely
- often safety behaviour: specific times, taking companion, taking specific equipment
27
4 categories of specific phobias
1. natural environment
2. animals
3. medical treatment
4. situations
28
specific phobia symptoms
- ONLY fear thing of fainting (vasovagal) instead of arousal
- can develop from learning fear, having negative past experiences or random
29
social anxiety phobia symptoms
- fear of negative evaluation of others
- concern about physical symptoms (sweating + blushing)
30
5 subtypes of OCD
1. hoarding
2. contamination obsession with cleaning compulsion
3. symmetry obsession with ordering compulsion
4. obsession w/o visible compulsion
5. harm obsession with checking compulsion
31
TMS definition
transcranial magnetic stimulation
- used for OCD treatment when everything else is ineffective
32
DBS definition
- direct brain stimulation
- for OCD treatment when all else fails
- electrodes inserted in brain
33
body dysmporhpic disorder symptoms
1. repetitive + excessive behaviours (like body checking)
2. excessive camouflaging of defects (baggy clothes or makeup)
3. avoidance of situations that increase distress
4. highest suicide risk (among all disorders) bc comorbid with depression
34
olfactory reference disorder
- believing you smell
- ideas of self-reference = you think people notice
35
hypochondriasis definition
- believing you have one or more serious illness
- starts in mid adulthood
36
hoarding disorder symptoms
- starts in childhood
- chronic + progressive
37
body focused repetitive behaviour disorder symptoms
- actions of picking, tearing etc without being able to stop
- skin or hair
- impact on appearance
38
cyclothymic disorder
- Bipolar II basically
- hypomanic (or a little less) -> NO manic or mixed
- without sufficient symptoms or time to meet depressive episode
39
single depressive episode disorder
- only one depressive episode
- usually goes after 3 months BUT the longer it lasts the less likely it is for full remission
40
recurrent depressive disorder
- at least 2 depressive episodes
41
dysthymic disorder
persistent depressed mood (2 yrs)
- could be milder than recurrent depressive
- no gender differences (unlike most depressive)
42
mixed depressive + anxiety
depressive + anxiety symptoms together for 2 weeks
- symptoms not strong enough for either diagnosis
43
4 symptom categories making up psychosis
1. positive symptoms
2. negative symptoms
3. psychomotor
4. cognitive symptoms -> attention, orientation, working memory etc
44
prodromal phase definite
schizophrenic phase before psychotic symptoms
- depressive symptoms + anxiety
45
acute and transient psychotic disorder
- w/o prodromal phase
- w/o negative symptoms
- rapid changes in symptoms
- short term (3months)
- full remission possible
46
schizoaffective disorder
schizophrenia + (manic, mix or depressive) met simultaneously
47
schizotypal disorder
- unusual speech, beliefs etc that don'T meet diagnostic requirements for any other schizo disorders
- people related to schizophrenics often get this
48
anankastia definition
- behaviourally + emotionally constrained
- perfectionism + rule following
49
Cluster A types
1. paranoid
2. schizotypal = social isolation
3. schizoid = weird + eccentric
50
Cluster B types
dramatic/emotional
1. antisocial -> psycho
2. borderline
3. histrionic
4. narcissist
51
Cluster C types
anxious
1. dependent
2. avoidant
3. obsessive-compulsive
52
3 sleep criteria
1. body relaxed
2. time in circadian rhythm
3. biological need for sleep
53
sleep stages
1. N3 =deep sleep
2. REM = more awake, where dreams happen
the longer we sleep the more we spend in REM (N3 only at beginning)
54
facts on sleep
- need to be diagnosed (even if they are fro 'obvious cause')
- short term insomnia often doesn't need therapeutic intervention
- CBT-I best treatment (sleep restriction)
55
difference between PTSD and CPTSD
PTSD:
- flashbacks
- avoidance of anything to remind of the trauma
- feelings of imminent threat
CPTSD:
- same symptoms as PTSD +
1. affect dysregulation
2. negative self-concept
3. disturbance in relationship
56
dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue
- not remembering autobiographical knowledge that you should remember
- traveling away from home (without realising it)
57
trance definition
- alteration of state of consciousness without wanting of the person
*it can be a religious/cultural thing
58
DID (Dissociative identity disorder)
- 2 or more distinct personality states
- amnesia between switches
59
partial DID
- personality states influence thoughts, behaviour, emotions but don't take over
- less severe amnesia
60
depersonalisation-derealisation disorder
- depersonalisation: feeling like your own body is a stranger
- derealisation: outside world is foggy
61
bodily distress disorder
- presence of bodily symptoms that lead to distress in person that can't be fully explained medically
62
body integrity dysphoria
- wanting to become physically disabled in an significant way
- usually sexual aspect
63
type of quaternary amino
- acetylcholine (attention, cognition, arousal)
64
2 types of amino acids
1. glutamate (neuroplasticity)
2. GABA (inhibitory, drowsiness)
65
2 basic networks
1. default mode network: ruminated, self-eval, reflection
2. salience: directs attention
3. central executive: attention, working memory
66
Alcohol
- effects
-
- low doses: excitation
- high dowses: depressant
- cerebellum, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens
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