CLINICAL SPECIMENS Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
Temperature sensitive
A
N. meningitidis; Haemophilus
2
Q
Anticoagulant for Blood Culture
A
0.025% SPS
3
Q
Not to be used in Microbiology
A
EDTA & CITRATE
4
Q
Common pathogens of CSF
A
IMP
H. influenza,
N. meningitidis
S. pneumoniae
5
Q
Media for urine spx
A
Blood agar plate / MacConkey
6
Q
Major cause of UTI:
A
E.coli
7
Q
Suprapubic aspirate is for
A
anaerobic culture
8
Q
Suitable preservative for urine spx
A
boric acid
9
Q
Considered significant urine value
A
> 100,000
for UTI / >50,000 CFU/ml
10
Q
Considered NOT significant urine value
A
<10,000 CFU/ml
11
Q
Blood Culture dilution factor:
A
1 : 10
12
Q
Blood Culture media
A
BHI broth ( conventional 7- 10 days)
automated : 3 - 5 days of result
13
Q
Oxidase (+)
A
ViCAP
Vibrio
Campylobacter
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas
14
Q
Oxidase (-):
A
SaShi
Salmonella
Shigella
15
Q
Media for stool
A
MAC, BAP, SSA, TCBS, APW, HEA, Selenite F broth
16
Q
causes neurodegenerative diseases
A
Prions
17
Q
Non-lipid viruses
A
RhiPoCo
Rhinoviruses
Polio
Coxsackie
18
Q
Fungi
A
CanCry
Candida, Cryptococcus
19
Q
Steam under pressure
A
autoclave
20
Q
Tyndallization, sporicidal, Intermittent Sterilization
A
Arnold Sterilizer
21
Q
Thickening thru evaporation
A
Inspissation
22
Q
checks efficacy of autoclave
A
Kilit Ampule
23
Q
indicates well maintained autoclave
A
Black
24
Q
need maintenance
A
Half gray
25
Pasteurization
Low Temperature Holding
30 mins at 63-65C
High Temperature Short Time
15 secs at 72C
Ultra High Temperature
3-5 secs at 140C
25
Oven
1 hr & 30 mins to 2 hrs at 160-180C
26
QC strain for Oven
Bacillus Subtilis
27
Incineration
300-400C
28
Ethylene Oxide
Kills microbes and endospores; highly penetrating
4 to 18 hours
29
Radiation
Ionizing radiation
Short wavelengths (less than 1 nanometer)
UV light rays
Wavelength longer than 1 nm
Microwave radiation
Wavelengths ranges from 1 mm to 1 meter
30
sterilize heat labile substances such as serum, plasma and certain carbohydrate solution, enzymes, vaccines, antibiotic solutions
Filtration
31
Best to preserve culture; water is removed by high vacuum
Lyophilization/Freeze Drying
32
Osmotic pressure
Preserve foods
Most resistant: yeasts and molds
33
sporocidal
Iodophor
34
Sterilant; Less irritating and more effective than HCHO
Glutaraldehyde
35
Commonly used as formalin, a 37% aqueous solution.
Formaldehyde
35
Commonly used as formalin, a 37% aqueous solution.
Formaldehyde
36
used extensively to preserve biological specimens and inactivate viruses and bacteria in vaccines
formalin
37
Used to kill algae in pools and fish tanks
Copper
38
used in shampoo; Kills fungi and spores
Selenium
39
used as antifungal in paints
Zinc oxide
40
used in mouth wash
zinc chloride
41
Effective in disinfection of inanimate objects.
Sporicidal at higher temperatures.
used also cleaning for contact lens
H2O2
42
More effective killing agent than chlorine, but less
stable and more expensive
Ozone
43
can kill the bacteria less than 5 mins
spores/ viruses : 30 mins
Oxidizing Agents
44
One of the most effective liquid sporicides
Used widely in disinfection of food and medical instruments because it does not leave toxic residues
Peracetic acid
45
acne medications
Benzoyl Peroxide
46
Skin irritant and has a strong odor
Stable, persist for long time after application
standard disinfectants
Phenols
47
QUATS
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
48
mostly seen in WIPES or Dishwashing Liquids, air refresher soap
QUATS
49
Disinfectant with antimicrobial efficacies
Cannot mix with bleach
Effective against gram positive bacteria, less effective against gram-negative bacteria
Also destroy fungi, amoebas, and enveloped viruses
Ex. Zephiran (benzalkonium chloride)
QUATS
50
Technique for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)
Kierby Bauer Technique (Qualitative Method)
51
AST medium
Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)
52
lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent in ug/mL that prevents the in vitro growth of bacteria
Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
53
Medium for Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)
MH broth (liquid) or BHI broth
54
resistant to all beta lactams
cefoxitin disk performs better than the oxacillin disk in detecting oxacillin-resistant staphylococci by the disk diffusion
MRSA (Oxacillin)
55
Positive D zone test:
flattening zone around Clindamycin
56
Negative D zone test:
resistance in Erythromyacin but sensitive in Clindamycin
57
ESBLs
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases
58
they are all resistance in cephalosporins, aztreonam and penicillin
ESBLs
59
known as DOUBLE DISK synergy test
Key Hole test
60
Positive MODIFIED HODGE TEST
formation of clover-leaf pattern
61
Negative MODIFIED HODGE TEST
no formation of clover-leaf pattern
62
producing Enterobacteriaceae
Carbapenemase (CPE)
63
MALDI-TOF MS
Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry
64
direct identification of bacteria from blood culture broths
MALDI-TOF MS
65
Protecting people from dangerous pathogens
Laboratory Biosafety
66
Protecting the pathogens from dangerous people
Biosecurity
67
Biosafety Level 1
minimal risk ( subtilis )
68
Biosafety Level 2
moderate risk ( e coli and salmonella)
69
Biosafety Level 3
serious/ lethal (brucella, MTB)
70
Biosafety Level 4
aerosol / fatal ( no treatment) e bola and lassa virus
71
Biosafety Cabinets Class I
exhaust air thru hepa filter (no product protection)
Commonly used for mixture of reagents
72
Biosafety Cabinets Class II
exhaust and recirculated air thru hepa filter with product protection
73
Biosafety Cabinets Class IIa
exhausts air inside the room 70% of air is recirculated; 30# is exhausted
74
Biosafety Cabinets Class IIb
exhausts air outside the building
MUST for Microbiology lab hospitals
75
Biosafety Cabinets Class III
enclosed; air circulating inside the workstation has already been filtered
