Cloning And Micropropagation Flashcards
(19 cards)
1
Q
What is meant by transgenic
A
- transfer of genetic material from one species to another
2
Q
Microprogation (9)
A
- explants
- small pieces of plant tissue
- agar jelly
- contains nutrients (amino acids / glucose)
- plant hormones (auxin)
- nitrates (or any other mineral— like magnesium ions)
- sterile
- control light
- control humidity
3
Q
Advantages of using micropropagtion
A
- quick
- many plants produced
- works at any time of year
- genetically identical plants produced
4
Q
Cloning mammals (7)
A
- egg cell has nucleus removed
- adult cell nucleus inserted into that cell
- electric shock
- starts mitosis
- embryo inserted into…
- uterus of a…
- surrogate mother
5
Q
Template for any selective breeding question (4)
A
- select organisms with desired characteristics
- breed
- breed offspring with desired characteristics
- repeat over many generations
6
Q
Advantages of cloning over selective breeding (4)
A
- all offspring are identical
- faster process
- more offspring produced
- no need for mating
7
Q
Fish farming method (6)
A
- control intraspecific predation (by separating sizes/ages)
- control interspecific predation (by killing predators)
- control disease (by removing dead fish)
- control oxygen (remove waste products)
- frequent feeding (with a high protein diet)
- selective breeding
8
Q
Advantages of fish farming (5)
A
- can control fish: size/age/mass
- can selectively breed
- prevents extinction
- higher yield
- safer for fishermen
9
Q
How to prevent interspecific predation
A
- shoot predators
- use nets/cages
10
Q
How to prevent eutrophication
A
- remove waste/algae
- reduce use of fertilizer
- don’t overfeed
11
Q
How to prevent disease in fish farming
A
- antibiotics / vaccination
- remove infected / diseased fish
- selective breeding of resistant fish
12
Q
How to maintain water quality in fish farming
A
- remove waste
- prevent eutrophication
- use paddles / pump
(to prevent stagnation)
13
Q
How does removing waste from water maintain its quality
A
- maintains oxygen
- less decomposition
- less eutrophication
14
Q
How does adding antibiotics improve waster quality
A
- less bacteria
- less disease
15
Q
How does fish waste help plants to grow
A
- bacteria…
- decompose (the waste)
- (so) mineral ions (like nitrates)
- (are made into) amino acids + proteins
- (for) respiration (of bacteria)
- (respiration produces) co2
- (which is used for) photosynthesis of plants
16
Q
What is a transgenic organism
A
- (an organism which) contains DNA
- from (a) different species
17
Q
Give one example of the use of transgenic organisms
A
- insulin production
18
Q
How are explants removed from + transferred to agar jelly growth medium
A
- (cut explants with) scissors
- (transfer explants with) tweezers
- use sterile apparatus / samples
19
Q
Precautions needed for healthy growth of explants
A
- sterile conditions
- sunlight
- temperature
- humidity / water
- auxins
