Smoking And Disease From It Flashcards
(6 cards)
1
Q
Consequences of smoking cigarettes for lung function (7)
A
- destroys cilia in trachea (so cilia can no longer function) …
- and mucus builds up (as it can’t be removed)
- leads to (bacterial) infection (of alveoli) (like pneumonia)
- damage of alveoli = loss of surface area / emphysema
- airways inflamed = bronchitis
- can lead to COPD
- lung cancer
2
Q
Factors making CHD more likely
A
- smoking
- diet
- heredity
- high blood pressure
- stress
- lack of exercise
3
Q
How does CHD cause death
A
- cholesterol builds up on…
- coronary arteries…
- so coronary arteries are narrowed
- this can sometimes even lead to blood clots
- these mean less blood to heart
- so less oxygen
- less aerobic respiration
- in muscle cells
- lactic acid production (following anaerobic respiration)
- heart attack
4
Q
Effect of emphysema on gas exchange
A
- less surface area…
- so less diffusion…
- so less oxygen
5
Q
How you get bronchitis
A
- cilia are destroyed by chemicals in cigarette smoke
- less cilia = less mucus swept away from lungs
- so mucus remains to block air passages
- smoke also irritates the lining of airways
- so more mucus is secreted by cells
- infection from bacteria in mucus + irritation of bronchial tree cause bronchitis
6
Q
Effect of bronchitis
A
- reduced air flow due to blocked air passages
- difficulty breathing