Smoking And Disease From It Flashcards

(6 cards)

1
Q

Consequences of smoking cigarettes for lung function (7)

A
  • destroys cilia in trachea (so cilia can no longer function) …
  • and mucus builds up (as it can’t be removed)
  • leads to (bacterial) infection (of alveoli) (like pneumonia)
  • damage of alveoli = loss of surface area / emphysema
  • airways inflamed = bronchitis
  • can lead to COPD
  • lung cancer
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2
Q

Factors making CHD more likely

A
  • smoking
  • diet
  • heredity
  • high blood pressure
  • stress
  • lack of exercise
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3
Q

How does CHD cause death

A
  • cholesterol builds up on…
  • coronary arteries…
  • so coronary arteries are narrowed
  • this can sometimes even lead to blood clots
  • these mean less blood to heart
  • so less oxygen
  • less aerobic respiration
  • in muscle cells
  • lactic acid production (following anaerobic respiration)
  • heart attack
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4
Q

Effect of emphysema on gas exchange

A
  • less surface area…
  • so less diffusion…
  • so less oxygen
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5
Q

How you get bronchitis

A
  • cilia are destroyed by chemicals in cigarette smoke
  • less cilia = less mucus swept away from lungs
  • so mucus remains to block air passages
  • smoke also irritates the lining of airways
  • so more mucus is secreted by cells
  • infection from bacteria in mucus + irritation of bronchial tree cause bronchitis
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6
Q

Effect of bronchitis

A
  • reduced air flow due to blocked air passages
  • difficulty breathing
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