Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Bacteriology and Mycology Exam 1 > Clostridium > Flashcards

Clostridium Flashcards

(45 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

smell of culture

A

putrid due to volatile fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gram, size, shape, spore, respiration, catalase, oxidase, motility, media, hemolysis, habitat

A

-gram positive
-large
-rods – straight or slightly curved
-endospores produces – terminal, central, subterminal
-anaerobic
-catalase negative
-oxidase negative
-motile except for C perfringens
-requires enriched media
-zones of double hemolysis in C perfringens
-present in soil, alimentary tracts of animals, feces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

groupings

A

-neurotoxic
-histotoxic
-enteropathogenic and enterotoxaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

C perfringens morphology

A

large, wide rods
rarely form endospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

C tetani morphology

A

thin rods
produce terminal endospores
drumstick appearance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

C chauvoei morphology

A

medium sized rods
lemon shaped endosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

C tetani – neurotoxic

A

-infection through wound contamination
-genes that regulate production in plasmids
-antigenic type – tetanospasmin
-mode of action – synaptic inhibition
-musclular patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

C botulinum – neurotoxic

A

-ingestion of bacteria, spore, toxin
-in carcasses, decaying vegetation, canned food, wounds, intestines
-genes that regulate production in chromosome, plasmids, bacteriophage
-antigenic type – A, B, C, D, E, F, G
-mode of action – inhibition of neuromuscular transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

C tetani toxin

A

never changes
can be used in vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

C tetani adjuvant

A

aluminum hydroxide – very painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

C tetani reservoir

A

-widely distributed in soil
-transient in intestines
-horses have normal amount in intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tetanus

A

introduction of spore into traumatized tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is more important in tetanus

A

amount of toxin more important than amount of bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tonic clonic convulsions in tetanus

A

-neuroparalytic intoxication
-protien neurotoxin
-poultry highly resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

tetanus toxin – tetanospasim

A

-zinc endopeptidase binds to neurons, release gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glycine
-once docking proteins hydrolyzed, synapse degenerates – weeks to months to regenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which species highly resistant to C tetani

A

poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

spore germination in C tetani

A

-anaerobic environment allows spores to germinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

toxin diffusion and attachment in C tetani

A

-toxin diffuses via vascular channels or peripheral nerve tracks
-toxin attaches to receptors on nearest cholinergic nerve and is internalized within vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

travel of vesicle containing toxin in C tetani

Study These Flashcards
A

-travels retrograde inside axon to cell bodeis of ventral horns of spinal cord

20
Q

spastic paralysis in C tetani

Study These Flashcards
A

malachite green???

21
Q

early signs of disease in C tetani

Study These Flashcards
A

-stiffness
-muscular tremor
-increased responsiveness to stimuli

22
Q

signs in horses, ruminants, swine in C tetani

Study These Flashcards
A

-third eyelid retraction, erect ears, stiff tail
-bloat in ruminants
-lockjaw
-rigidity of extremities – sawhorse attitude, recumbency
-fecal and urinary retention
-death due to respiratory arrests

23
Q

gross lesions in C tetani

Study These Flashcards
A

none in brain or muscle
clinical diagnosis only

24
Q

pathogenesis in C tetani

Study These Flashcards
A

exotoxin (tetanospasim) blocks inhibitory neurotransmitter in upper motor neurons – spastic paralysis

25
lab diagnosis in C tetani
-hemolytic due to tetanolysin -gram stain -- drumstick shape
26
treatment -- neutralization of circulating toxin in C tetani
-antitoxin
27
treatment -- suppression of toxin production in C tetani
-wound care, parenteral penicillin or metronidazole -flushing of hydrogen peroxide to create aerobic conditions
28
treatment -- life support and symptomatic relief in C tetani
-sedatives, muscle relaxants, exclusion of external stimuli -artificial feeding -nursing care
29
prevention of C tetani
-clean and dress wounds -hygienic precautions during surgery -horses get antitoxin after injury or surgery
30
what causes botulism
Clostridium botulinum
31
what is botulism
neuroparalytic intoxication characterized by flaccid paralysis
32
most common C. botulinum type in domestic animals
type D and D
33
mainly affected animals of botulism
ruminants, horses, mink, waterfowl
34
C botulinum toxins -- Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT)
-act in neuromuscular junction -zinc endopeptidases bind to cholinergic nerve cells -decreased release of acetylcholine -synapse degenerates and takes weeks-months to regenerate -secreted with accessory proteins -- survival in GI tract
35
reservoir of C. botulinum
-soil and aquatic sediments -contaminated cans of meat and veggies -spores contaminate environemnt
36
transmission of C botulinum
-toxin ingestion -spore ingestion -- human infant botulism -wound contamination -- rarely in humans and horses
37
pathogenesis of C botulinum
-BoNT ingested and absorbed in GI tract -circulates in blood to neuromuscular junction of cholinergic nerve -synapse degenerates, flaccid paralysis due to lack of neurotransmitter acetylcholine -can affect respiration muscles -- death form respiratory failure
38
clinical signs of botulism
-muscular incoordination -recumbency -extrusion of tongue -no change in consciousness -temperature remains normal -recovery slow and residual signs persist in non fatal cases -limberneck
39
gross lesions in botulism
no gross lesions in brain or msucle
40
lab diagnosis
-toxin in plasma or tissue -isolation of organism not definitive -toxin in feedstuffs, stomach contents, vomit -serological and molecular techniques to support diagnosis
41
only accepted method of confirmation of botulism
-toxin extracted from material and injected into guinea pigs or mice -death in 10hrs-3wks preceded by muscular weakness, limb paralysis, respiratory difficulties
42
growth of C botulinum in differnet media
-egg yolk agar -- lipase reaction after 72 hrs -blood agar -- colony growth after 72 hrs
43
treatment for recent injections of C botulinum
-evacuation of stomach and purging
44
treatment after onset of signs of botulism
-antitoxin treatment may be beneficial (minks, ducks)
45
control of c botulinum
-remove affected waterfowl vaccination (toxoid) in endemic areas -placing feed on dry ground attracts birds form contaminated areas

Bacteriology and Mycology Exam 1 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions