CN1 - Olfactory

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

Neurological disorder that affects the function of the oculomotor nerve, which functions to control the sense of smell

Question 2

Aetiology/ causes

Answer 2

Head trauma

Infections such as the common cold, flu, sinusitis, or COVID-19

Nasal polyps or tumors
Exposure to toxic chemicals
Aging

Neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, or epilepsy

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

Aging
Head trauma

Certain medical conditions such as Parkinson’s disease or Alzheimer’s disease

Exposure to toxic chemicals

Question 4

Epidemiology/ Population affected

Answer 4

Olfactory nerve palsy is a relatively common condition, with an estimated prevalence of 5% in the general population.

It can affect both males and females and can occur at any age, but it is more common in older adults.

Question 5

Clinical presentation

Answer 5

The primary symptom of olfactory nerve palsy is a loss of the sense of smell, also known as anosmia. In some cases, there may also be a loss of the sense of taste, which is closely linked to the sense of smell.

Other symptoms may include nasal congestion, runny nose, or sneezing.

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

The prognosis for olfactory nerve palsy depends on the underlying cause of the condition. In many cases, the symptoms are temporary and resolve on their own within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, the symptoms may be permanent, especially if the olfactory nerve is damaged.

Question 7

DDX

Answer 7

Sinusitis
Viral infections
Nasal polyps