CN5 - Trigeminal nerve

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

A neurological condition characterised by dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for providing sensation to the face and controlling the muscles used in chewing.

Question 2

Aetiology/ causes

Answer 2

Idiopathic (unknown)
Trauma to the head or face
Tumor or other mass compressing the nerve

Infections such as herpes zoster (shingles), Lyme disease, or syphilis

Multiple sclerosis

Vascular disorders such as aneurysms or thrombosis

Diabetes

Question 3

Risk factors

Answer 3

Age over 50 years
Previous facial injury

Medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis or diabetes

Question 4

Epidemiology/ Population affected

Answer 4

It affects both males and females equally, and typically presents in people over the age of 50.

Estimated incidence of 3.3 per 100,000 people per year

Question 5

Clinical presentation

Answer 5

Loss of sensation on one side of the face, particularly in the forehead, cheeks, and jaw

Weakness or paralysis of the muscles used in chewing, resulting in difficulty eating or speaking

Pain in the affected area, which may be sharp or dull and is often triggered by light touch, shaving, chewing, or talking

Question 6

Prognosis

Answer 6

The prognosis for trigeminal nerve palsy depends on the underlying cause of the condition. In many cases, the symptoms are temporary and resolve on their own within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, the symptoms may be permanent. touch or movement

Question 7

DDX

Answer 7

Bell’s palsy, which affects the facial nerve and can cause paralysis or weakness of the muscles on one side of the face

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia, which affects the glossopharyngeal nerve and can cause pain in the throat, tongue, and ear

Postherpetic neuralgia, which is a complication of shingles and can cause persistent pain in the area affected by the rash.