CN5 - Trigeminal nerve Flashcards
Definition
A neurological condition characterised by dysfunction of the trigeminal nerve, which is responsible for providing sensation to the face and controlling the muscles used in chewing.
Aetiology/ causes
Idiopathic (unknown)
Trauma to the head or face
Tumor or other mass compressing the nerve
Infections such as herpes zoster (shingles), Lyme disease, or syphilis
Multiple sclerosis
Vascular disorders such as aneurysms or thrombosis
Diabetes
Risk factors
Age over 50 years
Previous facial injury
Medical conditions such as multiple sclerosis or diabetes
Epidemiology/ Population affected
It affects both males and females equally, and typically presents in people over the age of 50.
Estimated incidence of 3.3 per 100,000 people per year
Clinical presentation
Loss of sensation on one side of the face, particularly in the forehead, cheeks, and jaw
Weakness or paralysis of the muscles used in chewing, resulting in difficulty eating or speaking
Pain in the affected area, which may be sharp or dull and is often triggered by light touch, shaving, chewing, or talking
Prognosis
The prognosis for trigeminal nerve palsy depends on the underlying cause of the condition. In many cases, the symptoms are temporary and resolve on their own within a few weeks to months. However, in some cases, the symptoms may be permanent. touch or movement
DDX
Bell’s palsy, which affects the facial nerve and can cause paralysis or weakness of the muscles on one side of the face
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia, which affects the glossopharyngeal nerve and can cause pain in the throat, tongue, and ear
Postherpetic neuralgia, which is a complication of shingles and can cause persistent pain in the area affected by the rash.